The bird and the tree are friends．The bird often sings songs in the tree．Autumn comes．The bird has to fly to the south．Spring comes.The bird comes back，but she can’t see the tree．Grass tell her some workers cut the tree down and took him to a factory．Then the bird flies to the factory．The workers told her they cut the tree into wood．They used the wood to make matches．Then they took the matches to a village．The bird flies to the village and sees a girl used the last match to make the fire．The bird sings a sad song to the fire．

1787年，美利坚合众国宪法对独立后的美国意义重大，其重要作用是
①结束了松散状态，维护了国家统一　②满足了人民群众对权益的要求　③确立了美国的责任内阁制　④促进了美国资本主义的发展

阅读下列文言文，按要求答题。
       【甲】公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋。子墨子闻之，起于鲁，行十日十夜而至于郢，见公输盘……公输盘服。
       【乙】吴王欲伐荆①，告其左右曰：“敢有谏者死！”舍人有少孺子②欲谏不敢，则怀丸操弹③于后园，露沾其衣，如是者三旦，吴王曰：“子来，何苦沾衣如此？”对曰：“园中有树，其上有蝉，蝉高居悲鸣，饮露，不知螳螂在其后也！螳螂委身曲附④，欲取蝉，而不知黄雀在其傍也；黄雀延颈欲啄螳螂，而不知弹丸在其下也！此三者皆务欲⑤得其前利⑥，而不顾其后之有患也。”吴王曰：“善哉！”乃罢其兵。
      注释：①吴王欲伐荆吴五，指吴王阖闾；荆，楚国。②舍人有少孺子舍人，国王的待从官；少孺子，年轻人。③怀丸操弹藏着子弹拿着弹弓。④委身曲附弯曲着身体，屈着前肢。⑤务欲一心想要。⑥前利眼前的利益。