根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

    Winter-swimming has become popular in Beijing. Three years ago, few people would go swimming in the city waters. But now there is a Winter-swimming Enthusiasts' Club(冬泳爱好者协会)and it has more than 2,000 members. The oldest is 84 years of age and the youngest is only 7. The members are from all ways of life__They may be workers, peasants, soldiers, teachers, students...

    Though it is now the coldest part of the season and the water temperature in the city's lakes is around 0°C, many winter-swimmers still swim in the icy waters, even when it is snowing. They enjoy themselves in the lake, while the people by the side of the lake are wearing heavy clothes.

    Why are so many people interested in winter-swimming? Because winter-swimming can be good for one's health.

    Bei Sha is a good example. He is 69 years old, and he once suffered from heart trouble for 26 years. After ten years of winter-swimming he is now in good health.

    Scientists are now studying the effects of winter-swimming on health.

材料一：

材料二： 这是一些脍炙人口的故事，这是一些必须铭记的姓名，这是一些仍在闪光的思想，这是一些难以忘却的情怀。这也是一场历时三百多年之久的跨世纪大辩论，儒墨争雄，儒道争锋，儒法争用，可谓纵横捭阖，机锋迭起，智慧纷呈，展现出无穷的魅力。何况这场大辩论，还留下了那么多宝贵的思想文化遗产，留下了建设家园的美好理想，应对变革的思想资源，凝聚民心的价值体系，指导人生的智慧结晶，让我们受益至今。
                                                                                                                                                             ——《百家讲坛》*易中天
结合所学，请回答：
（1）你知道材料一中的“老人”是谁吗？请说出“他”的一些思想和理念？并指明其所创立的学派在哪一朝代成为我国两千年来封建社会的正统思想？
（2）材料二中“三百多年之久的跨世纪大辩论”指的是战国时期哪一重大历史事件？写出其发生的社会原因？任举两个代表学派并说明其思想主张。