题干

阅读下面材料,完成下列小题。

【材料一】

    文字记载表明,我国在三千多年前已经开始栽培茶树。商朝以前,茶因珍贵而被当作祭品。商朝以后,茶发展成为贡品。春秋时期人们用茶树鲜叶做菜。西汉时期茶已成为当时的一种重要商品。进入唐代以后,饮茶渐成风气,并形成了中国的茶文化。因为茶有着生津止渴、清心提神、清热解毒的养生及药用价值,再加上中国茶文化的独特魅力,中国茶很早就在世界得以广泛传播。日本、朝鲜、蒙古、伊朗、土耳其等亚洲国家茶的读音均来自中国,这就是很好的证明。

    中国茶向世界传播依托了多种方式:唐朝时,日本派出大批人员渡海前来学习中国文化,茶树的种籽和饮茶的方法也由此传到日本。公元1618年,明万历皇帝派出公使将茶作为贵重的外交礼品,馈赠给俄国沙皇。茶作为重要的商品还被输送到多个国家。兴于唐宋盛于明清的茶马古道就是一条以马帮运输茶、盐等物资进行国际商贸的通道,这条商路一直延伸到了西非红海海岸。十七世纪,航海业发达的一些欧洲国家,开始大量地从中国贩运茶叶至欧洲各国。

【材料二】

    中国茶文化具有高雅的艺术性,其中茶道艺术还蕴含着中华传统礼仪。唐代陆羽在他撰写的《茶经》中创制了茶道二十四器,标志着唐人饮茶已开始注重品饮艺术。现代中国的茶道艺术更为典雅精致,包括赏茶、赏具、冲泡、奉茶、闻香、品茗等一整套程序。其中奉茶环节,首敬在座长者,充分体现了中国“尊老敬上”的传统。

    中国茶文化推动了更多的国家和地区引进饮茶风俗,引入茶文化。法国大文豪巴尔扎克曾盛赞饮茶能体现文人的高雅,并经常在家举办茶会,以茶会友。英国查理二世的王后凯瑟琳认为饮茶比饮酒更加文明,在她饮茶嗜好的影响下,王室贵族逐也渐形成了饮茶风尚。

【材料三】

    “一带一路”是新时期我国政府提出的重大战略构想,而茶将在其中发挥重要作用。沿线各国通过各类茶事活动,以茶为媒,化解隔阂,进行贸易交流,实现共同发展。2015年,中国对“一带一路”沿线国家出口茶叶8.2万吨,同比增长15.2%。随着“一带一路”构想的推进,中国茶文化将发挥更大的价值。

    在茶迎来新的发展机遇的同时,我们也必须要面对一些不容回避的问题。虽然现在我国茶叶输出量位居世界第一,但人均消费量仅为世界第六,30岁以下的消费群体往往首选碳酸饮料、咖啡、果汁等时尚饮品。

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    Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.____. Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. ____

    Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction,and control of the operations of a business. ____. One is the establishment of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. ____. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority.____.

A. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

B. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

C. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.