阅读材料，回答问题。

材料：

    1500—1800年的确是一个空前跨文化交流的时代，它越来越多地影响世界各民族的生活方式和社会组织。早期近代几乎把世界各个民族都纳入彼此经常的、紧密的、持续的联系之中，跨文化交流延伸到东半球、西半球和大洋洲之外，包括了全世界。

    1500—1800年，经过新航路的开辟，无论奢侈品还是大宗商品的运输成本和风险都大大降低了，这些航路上的需求和供给信息可以传播给更广泛地区的商人。各地复杂的货币制度，通过可以互相兑换的黄金、白银、铜币、汇票，也促进了全球贸易。

——摘编自施诚《全球史中的“早期近代”》

解读材料，提炼出一个观点，并结合世界史的其他相关史实，加以论述。（要求：写出观点，观点合理、明确，史论结合。）

作文：

       似乎是一转眼间，你已经站在八年级的末尾，不知不觉中你已经度过了两年的初中生活。初中的这两年里，相信，你有付出的辛劳，更有收获的快乐；有成长的喜悦，亦有青春的烦恼；有坚定的目标，也有跋涉的艰难……回望初中这两年的时光，品味其点点滴滴，你一定有许多感悟，请以“初中这两年”为题，写一篇文章，相信你一定能写出自己的真切感受，真实感情，独特感悟。

       要求：①可以大胆选择你最能驾驭的文体，诗歌除外。②不少于 600 字。

如图所示，一个铁球从竖直在地面上的轻质弹簧的正上方某处自由落下，接触弹簧后将弹簧弹性压缩，从它接触弹簧开始到弹簧压缩到最短的过程中，小球的速度和受到的合外力的变化情况是（       ）

过氧化氢（H₂O₂）与水（H₂O）的化学性质不同，其原因是（  ）

    Some children wish to be writers when they grow up. They mean that they want to write stories or books. They would be happy if many people read their stories or books some day. But I would like to tell these children that they will need to be good readers and read a lot before they become good writers. Nearly all great writers listened to others tell stories long before they started school. They also kept on reading for hours and hours for years. Even when they have become writers， they spend much of their time reading books instead of watching TV in the evening.

    If you are a good reader， it won't take you long to do the reading homework your teacher ask you to do. Then you will have time to read other books for fun. You read so well that you always want to look for more books to read.

    If you want to be a writer， reading is very important. When you decide to become a writer， you had better tell yourself， “I must read more and more if I really want to become a good writer.”