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中国文化如何走出去

楼宇烈

    ①中国与其他国家进行文化交流不一定只靠孔子学院,其实交流的途径还有很多,交流的内容也很丰富。说到“软”实力,软在我们理不直气不壮,我们总是去迎合别国的口味。传播中国的文化,就应该以我国文化为主。每年都有交流团出国,但许多人的指导思想是要迎合别国,而别国却恰恰不需要迎合。来中国交流的外国人是来看我们有什么特别的东西,可以借鉴学习。有一些外国人看不起中国人,认为中国许多东西都是模仿、抄袭,没有自己独创、独立性的东西。也有一些外国人对我们的传统文化很感兴趣,但是,我们对自己的传统文化却存在模糊、片面的理解,有的人甚至根本看不起自己的传统文化。一个研究科学史的学者就曾说过:“中医阴阳五行的那套说法,打死我也不会认同的。”我们给外国人讲阴阳五行,有的一下子就接受了;给中国人讲,国人反而听不懂。我们还有什么地道的中国文化走出去了呢?有人说我们的国乐走出国门了,但现在中国的乐律其实绝大部分都变成了西洋的乐律了,我们其实没有把真正体现中国文化精神的东西传到国外。

    ②经济全球化后,信息交流更方便快捷了,古代流行的东西可能要过几十年、几百年才能传播到另一个地方,现在只要几秒钟全世界就都传遍了。文化会不会趋同呢?现实生活中,的确有很多人为追求时髦,把自己的传统文化都抛弃掉了。有些学者主张文化要寻根,不能把根丢掉。我很赞同这个观点。跟世界接轨不是消除自己的特点,而是要让现代人认识、接受我们的传统文化,但是也不一定要普遍接受。我们存在很多思想误区,例如,有的东西一被评定为非物质文化遗产,就想尽办法要把它变成全民文化。我觉得越是这种文化就越是小众的,把小众的文化变成大众的,无形之中这种文化就被搞没了。我觉得非物质文化遗产不绝如缕就可以了,把传统文化的种子一代一代传承下去,而不是一下子把它变成大众都热热闹闹搞的东西。不求轰轰烈烈,但求不绝如缕,这是我对非物质文化遗产的基本看法,这样它才能保留今人要借鉴的东西。

    ③在对外文化交流方面,除了艺术之外,还有中医。中医在世界上的影响力是很大的,国外从事中医事业的人比国内的要多,其中很多人是从国内出去的,也有外国当地的。中医现在在世界上除了中药没有被完全认同外,中医的针灸、推拿、按摩、心理治疗都被普遍接受。有一个自然医学派,其理论都出自中医,它七条总的原则跟中医是一样的,比如说在条件允许的情况下,能不用药尽量不用药;治病要找原因,不能只找它表现的症状;医生不应该只是开药的,而是指导人们正确地生活的老师。有一次,我在中医会上提出,重要的不是强调中医的“技”,而是强调它的“道”,要传播中医文化,而不是只偏重中医治疗。

    ④中国其实有很强的文化软实力,但在文化传播的时候只是从“艺”和“术”的层次出发,没有从“道”的文化层次去全面考虑。中医文化里面也不要只是宣传怎样治病,而是要让人不得病,中医文化的核心是养生文化。中国文化里的儒、佛、道、医、武都有养生文化,中医的养生文化应该是融会贯通这五家文化的产物。得了病去治好,还是不得病好呢?当然是不得病好,所以圣人不治已病治未病。

(选自《中国文化的根本精神》)

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The Change of Bossy (好指挥人的) Lily

    I am a helpful person. However, my classmates used to call me “Bossy Lily”.

    One day, the class shouted again, “Bossy Lily, bossy Lily!” My teacher, Ms. Flora sent me to sit in the 1 for a while to quiet the class. I didn't understand why the class got 2 when I tried to show Mike how to handle the record player. I was only trying to 3 I also couldn't understand why the teacher had sent me to the corner. I was taught to always help my 4if they didn't know something. I thought the class was 5 in their judgment of me. I thought the teacher was wrong in 6 with them.

    When everyone was excused for break, Ms. Flora kept me in. I 7 I was in serious trouble, but I still didn't understand how my 8 could have caused the teacher to react like this.

     “Why am I here and not at break?” I asked Ms. Flora. The teacher didn't say a word.9 she placed a word puzzle in front of me. Surprised as I was, I got out my pencil and 10 to solve it. It was 11 with many words I didn't understand. I raised my hand for help, but Ms. Flora 12 me. I 13 with the word puzzle until I was about to give up. But I was not a quitter, so I stayed with the challenge. Soon I had solved the problem 14my own. I was so proud I did the puzzle by myself that I raised my hand high to get Ms. Flora's 15. Ms. Flora picked up the finished puzzle and 16.

    “I'm glad that you learned this important 17 from me.” I was 18. She hadn't done anything. Now she was taking the credit for my hard work!

    “Now perhaps you have learned to let other students make discoveries 19. After all, that is the fun of 20.”

    In that moment, I decided that I would never do anything that would cause them to call me “Bossy Lily” ever again.