If we are driving a car or crossing a street, we will stop when the traffic lights turn red. Why do we use red rather than other colors?
As we know, scattering (散射) happens when light goes through the air. For the same media, if the wavelength (波长) is long, the scattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long.
    Of all light we can see red has the longest wavelength, so the scattering is the weakest. That means the red light travels far. In fact, it travels farther on rainy days.
    Using the red light can help drivers in farther areas see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. If drivers don’t see the red light until they are close, they may not be able to stop the car in time. An accident may happen. Red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red.
    In a word, red light helps drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents.

阅读理解

    Still remember the following poems？Memories return every time I read or hear them．

明代沈德符在《万历野获编》中说：“（廷杖）此皆关系朝家纲常，有功名教者，虽见辱殿廷，而朝绅视之，有若登仙。”以上材料说明了当时士大夫（    ）