Protect Children from Cyber-bullying

    When you think about bullying, you might think of a child being bullied by another in the schoolyard. As more young people have access to computers and cell phones, traditional bullying has gone digital, which has not yet gained awareness in Chinese parents.

    Cyber-bullying, first invented by Canadian educator Bill Belsey, is the use of the Internet and related technologies to harm other people, in an intentional, repeated, and unfriendly manner. It involves threatening text messages, the spread of online rumors on social networking sites, and intentionally keeping someone out of an online group. Cyber-bullying is at an all-time high in the US. According to a study from the US Department of Justice, more than 43% of teenagers report being victims（受害者）of cyber-bullying.

    Compared to face-to-face bullying, cyber-bullying is considered to have a worse emotional effect on the victims, and kids could feel more desperate and depressed. Severe, long-term or frequent cyber-bullying can leave victims at greater risk for anxiety, depression, and other disorders. Research says that cyber-bullying victims were almost twice as likely to have attempted suicide compared to youths who had not experienced it.

    In traditional schoolyard bullying, at least home is a safe place for the victims. But cyber-bullying is endless---it could happen anytime. Moreover, in the digital world, bullying is much easier, as a bully can pick on people with a much lower risk of being caught.

    Actually, cyber-bullying has become a worldwide issue. In the US, as several teens committed suicide because of cyber-bullying, some schools set rules to punish cyberbullies. Laws to punish cyber-bullying have been introduced in some states. In China, cyber-bullying is still considered by many parents and educators as a problem that involves physical contact. However, as cell phones and laptops are becoming common equipment for teenagers, social interactions have increasingly moved from personal contact to virtual contact. Cyber-bullying is spreading faster than expected.

    For schools and parents, safety rules should be set in the virtual world for kids, such as telling them not to let out anything to a stranger. Active steps should be taken to make the public aware of the seriousness of this problem, because it would be too late to take measures after tragedy strikes.

We bought a bike for you.

改革是社会发展、时代进步的动力。阅读下列材料，回答问题  。
材料一 所有成年男性公民可以担任几乎一切官职。除十将军以外，各级官职向所有公民开放，并都以抽签方式产生，他们也都可以参加公民大会，商定城邦重大事务。公民大会是立法机关和最高权力机关。
材料二  646年，孝德天皇颁布诏书：废除贵族私有的屯仓、田庄和部民，把土地和部民一律收归国家所有；中央设二官八省一台，地方设国、郡、里；实行征兵制。
材料三 “我的封臣的封臣，不是我的封臣。”
（1）材料一所反映的是?（城邦国家）的改革。
（2）材料二反映的改革是? 这一改革有何历史作用？ 
（3）材料三“我的封臣的封臣，不是我的封臣”，反映的是古代西欧地区的什么制度？ 这种制度的形成和什么改革有关？
（4）结合当今中国改革的成就，谈谈上述改革给你带来怎样的启示？

文题一：最是幸福那一刻

文题二：阅读下面材料，自拟题目，写一篇文章。

大运会的赛场上有这样一群人。他们实力有限，也许在奖牌榜上留不下名字，但他们却在比赛中表现得一丝不苟，追求着自己的梦想。

伊拉克击剑选手艾哈迈德•贾瓦德是巴格达大学的学生。男子佩剑比赛开始前的训练，他始终是一个人，一阵举剑挥舞，却没有叮叮当当的交锋碰撞。比赛不到10分钟，两个0：5的比分，他完成了自己的大运会之旅。贾瓦德后来表示，自己很快乐很满足，因为实现了和高手过招的心愿。飞行万里，上场一刻，贾瓦德对自己的梦想依然执着。

要求：①以上两题任选一题写作。②抒写真情实感，力求有新意。③文体不限（诗歌除外），字数不少于800。④汉字书写整洁清晰美观，不要出现真实的人名、校名。

有关中国古代文化的下列叙述，不正确的是（    ）