1865年，美国的南北战争以北方的胜利告终。下列关于美国南北战争历史意义的叙述，正确的是（   ）

①实现了国家的独立  ②是美国历史上的第二次资产阶级革命  

③废除了奴隶制度，扫清了资本主义发展的又一大障碍  ④为以后经济的迅速发展创造了条件

阅读理解

    Children with no shoes on do better at school than those with shoes on，a study suggests．

    For over 10 years，researchers from universities observed （观察） children in 100 schools from 25 countries．They found that classrooms were quieter when children took off their shoes．It provided a quieter environment where pupils were more willing to focus on study than those with shoes on．

    "Children are much more willing to sit on the floor and relax if they have no shoes on，"said professor Stephen Heppel，a lead researcher．

    "The last place a child would sit to read is an upright chair．And we've found that 95% of them really don't read on a chair at home，"Heppel added．"When they go on holidays，they read lying down．"Professor Heppel hopes to bring the"shoeless policy"to all U．K．schools．He says relaxing conditions at school make children feel as if they're at home．He believes all the teachers will be glad to adopt the habit．

近年来，我市发生多起造纸厂废水灌溉事件．农民用未经处理的造纸厂废水灌溉菜地，导致疏菜的生长发育和品质发生变化．小明为了探究造纸厂废水是否影响菜豆种子的发芽率．设计了如下探究实验：

（1）作出假设：____ ．

（2）方法步骤：

①取两个培养皿分別标号A、B，每个培养皿底部垫有两层纱布，将200粒大而饱满的菜豆种子平均放人A和B中

②向A培养皿中倒人适量不含造纸厂废水的清水，向B培养皿中倒入____ ．

③将：A、B两个培养皿放在适宜种子萌发的相同环境下培养，每天观察﹣次，连续观察7天，记录菜豆种子的萌发情况．

④根据记录的数据计算出的菜豆种子发芽率：A培养皿中的菜豆种子发芽率是93%，B培养皿中的莱豆种子发芽率是34%．

根据实验，回答下列问题：

（3）该实验的变量是____ ．

（4）小明将该实验重复做了多次，其目的是____ ．

（5）根据上述实验，小明得出的实验结论是：____ ．

（6）根据上述实验，请你给造纸厂提出治理建议：____ ．