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    Most of us have ever imagined the life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise(天堂) where the sun always shines. “Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you are free to sit around without any work. This is really a beautiful picture, isn't it? However, the other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is awful. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.

    Perhaps there is some truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the chance to find out. We can only experience it in the story like the following.

    Many years ago, two men spent five days on a coral island and they wished that they could stay there longer. They were driving a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink(下沉). They quickly put food, matches, and cans of beer into a rubber dinghy(救生筏) and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.

    There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not seem to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and they thought they lived just like a king. Five days later, a tank passed by and saved them. However, they felt sorry that they had to leave

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    贾谊,洛阳人也。年十八,以能诵诗属书闻于郡中。河南守吴公闻其秀才,召置门下,甚幸爱。孝文皇帝初立,闻河南守吴公治平为天下第一,故与李斯同邑而尝学事焉,乃征以为廷尉。廷尉乃言谊年少,颇通诸子百家之书。文帝召以为博士。

    是时谊年二十余,最为少。每诏令议下,诸老先生不能言,谊尽为之对,人人各如其意所欲出。诸生于是乃以为能,不及也。孝文帝说之,超迁,一岁中至太中大夫。谊以为汉兴至孝文二十余年,天下和洽,宜当改正朔,易服色,法制度,定官名,兴礼乐。乃悉草具其事仪法,色尚黄,数用五,为官名,悉更秦之旧法。奏之,孝文帝初即位,谦让未遑也。然诸律令所更定,及列侯就国,其说皆自谊发之。于是天子议以为贾生任公卿之位。绛、灌、东阳侯、冯敬之属尽害之,乃短贾生曰:“洛阳之人年少初学,专欲擅权,纷乱诸事。”于是天子后亦疏之,不用其议,乃以谊为长沙王太傅。

    贾生既辞往行闻长沙卑湿自以为寿不得长又以谪去意不自得乃渡湘水为赋以吊屈原。谊追伤之,因以自喻。谊为长沙王太傅三年,有鵩飞入谊舍,止于坐隅。鵩似鸮,不祥鸟也。后岁余,文帝思谊,征之。至,入见,上方受釐①,坐宣室。上因感鬼神事,而问鬼神之本。谊具道所以然之故。至夜半,文帝前席。既罢,曰:“吾久不见贾生,自以为过之,今不及也。”乃拜谊为梁怀王太傅。怀王,上少子,爱,而好书,故令谊傅之。居数年,怀王骑,堕马而死,无后。谊自伤为傅无状,哭泣岁余亦死,年三十三矣。

    先是,天下初定,制度疏阔。谊数上疏陈政事,多所欲匡建,是时丞相绛侯周勃免就国,人有告勃谋反,逮系长安狱治,卒亡事,复爵邑,故贾谊以此讥上。上深纳其言,养臣下有节。

    孝武初立,举贾生之孙二人至郡守。贾嘉最好学,世其家。

    刘向曰:“贾谊言三代与秦治乱之意,其论甚美,通达国体,虽古之伊、管未能远过也。使时见用,功化必盛。为庸臣所害,甚可悼痛。

(选自《汉书·贾谊传》有删改)

【注】①釐:胙肉,祭过神的福食;受釐,一种祈神降福的仪式。