阅读下文，完成问题。

德远堂的文化特征

    ①德远堂位于南靖县塔下村，系张氏祠堂，又称“张氏家庙”，呈上下两堂两横正三堂五凤楼造型，建造考究，雕梁画栋，粉饰彩画，家庙前耸立23支石龙旗杆，是目前中国可见到的最完整的古代姓氏祠堂建筑之一。

    ②德远堂悠久的历史记录了张氏宗族的发展脉络，明代宣德元年（1426年），张姓入闽始祖的后人到塔下肇基。明末清初，为敬奉仙祖，弘扬祖德，塔下张姓族人于在村庄东面山坡建造了“张氏家庙”德远堂。2006年，德远堂列入第六批全国重点文物保护单位。

    ③德远堂坐西北朝东南，建筑面积为400平方米。主堂前为天院和照壁，并辟有半圆形泮池一畦。祠后是一片眉月形斜坡草地，宛若天然地毯。主体建筑屋面覆板瓦，正垂脊均为燕尾脊，脊内堆砌花鸟纹剪粘脊饰，具有典型的闽南古建筑风格。额枋保留清代彩绘，表现了科举进士的欢庆场面，额枋下的挂落为鱼跃龙门图花板，寓含了张姓族人希望出人头地、光宗耀祖的寄托。在德远堂的建筑中，石雕、木雕艺术也挥得淋漓尽致，无不蕴含文化内涵。如主堂的陡板石，分别雕刻梅、兰、竹、荷等图案。大殿横梁上镌刻着宋代朱熹的警世名言：“子孙虽愚，诗书不可不读；祖宗虽远，祭祀不可不诚。”

    ④德远堂主建筑前环池耸立着23支石龙旗杆。石龙旗杆也叫石笔，古称“谤木”，后来演化为华表，它是功成名就、地位荣耀的象征。张氏德远堂族规中规定，凡中举、中进士或取得一定官职的乡贤，可在祠堂前树石龙旗杆，藉以激发人们努力向上。德远堂前的石龙旗杆分台座、夹杆石、杆身三部分。台座有四方形、六角形两种，束腰处成竹节状，四面均剔刻花纹图案，有香草纹、花鸟瓜叶纹等；夹杆石为如意云头状；旗杆则分成三节，下部铭刻姓名、功名、年代科次、等文字，中部浮雕蟠龙纹，杆尖或为笔锋状，或踞坐石狮等，做法不尽相同，给人以静穆、严肃、荣耀的感觉。那亭亭玉立、直指苍穹的石龙旗杆，是闽西南客家人笃重文明教化传统文化思想的象征，人若身临塔下，就能屏息到一股浓浓的文化气息。

    ⑤德远堂悠久的历史、完美的建筑、肃穆的石龙旗杆凸现了浓厚的文化特征。可以说，德远堂具有典型的闽南古建筑风格，又表现出客家文化的印迹，是研究闽西南古建筑民居的一个特殊实例。

Visitor Guide to Birch Aquarium General Information

Thank you for respecting the health of our animals and the experience.

◆ Keep voices low in exhibit areas.

◆ No tapping on marine life displays.

◆ As a courtesy, please silence cell phones.

◆ Please use trash and recycling bins.

◆ Birch Aquarium is smoke-free facility.

Photography

    For the safety of our live animals, please do not use flash photography. Visitors may be photographed or videotaped by aquarium staff for professional use, or by the media covering aquarium news. Entry into the aquarium grants permission for use of these images.

Refreshments

    Splash Cafe offers a variety of gourmet, sustainable, and organic sandwiches, snacks, and beverages.

Drinks, food, and gum are not permitted inside the aquarium.

Restrooms ＆ Baby Care

Changing tables are located in both the men's and women's restrooms.

Re-entry

    Please keep your ticket or have hand stamped at the Visitor Service Office if you plan to exit and re-enter the same day , including visits to Splash Coffee Shop.

Visitors with Disabilities

    See the Visitor Information Center for assistance. All exhibits are wheelchair accessible. Wheelchairs are available at no charge.

Emergencies /First Aid/ Lost ＆ Found

Go to the Visitor Service Office or alert the nearest staff member.

Don't Miss!

    Watch a diver hand-feed the fishes—including three species of sharks—during our Kelp Tank Dive Show.

Learn about this unique and beautiful undersea world during a live, interactive presentation. After your visit, view the exhibit at home through our live, online Kelp Cam.