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    Gladys Holm was a secretary(秘书). She worked in an office all his life. Gladys made about $15,000 a year. She died when she was 86 years old. And she left a big surprise—$18 million! She gave the money to a children's hospital.

    Gladys Holm never got married or had any children. But she always liked children, and she wanted to help them. When her friend's daughter was ill in hospital, Gladys brought her a toy bear. After that, she visited the hospital many times. Every time she visited, she brought toy bears for those children. After that, people started to call Gladys the "Toy bear Lady."

    Gladys always gave toys and presents to her friends and family but no one knew she had a lot of money. She lived in a small house outside Chicago. Everyone was very surprised when they learned she was a millionaire. A family friend said, "She always gave us nice presents and things, but we didn't know she was rich."

    How did Gladys get so much money? She asked her boss how to make more money, and she listened to what he said. She bought the stocks(股票) that he told her to buy, and she got very rich. Before she died, she talked to her friends about "giving something to the children's hospital." No one knew that the "something" was $18 million!

材料一：中国宋代实现了社会经济的跃进，都市的发达，知识的普及，与欧洲文艺复兴现象比较，应该理解为并行和等值的发展，因而宋代是十足的“东方的文艺复兴时代”。

──（日本）宫崎市定《东洋近代史》

材料二：该时期内（宋朝）制度和文化也有了重大发展。这一发展的背后是中国经济尤其是商业的飞跃，我们不妨称之为中国的“商业革命”。……外贸的发展也反映了当时商业的繁荣，而且它也是推动当时商业革命的主要力量。……唐初人们尚轻视商业并试图限制其发展，但到了晚唐和宋朝时这种束缚就被打破了。……中国首次出现了聚集了大量人口的商业大都市。与以前不同的是这些都市是商业中心而非政治中心。

──费正清（美国）《中国：传统与变迁》

材料三：北方的强敌（契丹）一时既无法驱除，而建都开封，尤使宋室处一极不利的形势下……其对西北，亦复鞭长莫及，难于驾驭……宋代对外既如此不振，而内部又终年闹穷。而且愈闹愈凶，几于穷得不可支持……宋代对外之积弱不振、宋室内部之积贫难疗。

──摘自钱穆《国史大纲》