阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

上工治未病 防癌于未然

徐光炜

    ①随着我国人口的老龄化，癌症发病及死亡率日渐增加，尤其是与不良生活习惯有关的肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌更是急速增长。那么，如何开展癌症防控，才能降低发病率和死亡率呢？众所周知，癌症的发病有一漫长的过程，从疾变到原位癌以致发展到有转移能力的浸润性癌，直至致死，约有20年的时间。这一漫长过程为我们提供了充裕的时间来预防和早发现它。所谓，“上工治未病”，我们应防癌于未然，才能阻断癌症的发生、发展，降低发病率和死亡率。

    ②健康人群是最大的群体，因此，在群体中推行科学的生活方式，预防癌症的发生是重点，针对上述三大发病率急速上升的癌症，人人都应自觉追求健康生活方式，比如均衡营养，合理膳食，积极参加体育运动等等。同时，要杜绝不良生活行为。例如，青少年不吸第一支烟，吸烟者积极戒烟，避免二手烟；不长期熬夜；不酗酒，不长期过量食用烧烤食品、强刺激食品等等。需要注意的是，健康促进是防控疾病事半功倍的最基本措施，不仅有利于癌症预防，也有利于心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等慢性病的预防；但就降低癌症死亡率而言，却颇难在短期内见效。试以美国为例，在20世纪70年代，他们开始大力开展控烟活动，但直到90年代，肺癌发病率才继死亡率之后开始逐渐下降。其他常见的结肠癌及乳腺癌也均随着筛查工作的持久开展，先是死亡率出现下降，若干年通常是10年以后，发病率才开始下降。西方国家自采取有效防控措施后，随着这些癌症死亡率的下降，发病率也出现下降之势。这些成功的经验值得我们学习。

    ③研究证实，肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌，这三大常见癌症均可以通过筛查被早期检出而加以治愈。采用乳腺钼靶X线摄片筛查乳腺癌在西方国家已开展了近30年，虽在此期间存在诸多非议，但在2014年国际乳腺癌会议上，专家们还是一致肯定了其降低乳腺癌死亡率的事实，故宜继续开展。当然，对筛检采用的方法或选择对象，专家认为需不断加以改进及提高。结肠癌的筛检方法也比较成熟，不但可凭借结肠镜检出早期结肠癌加以治愈，还可将有潜在癌变危险的肠道息肉予以切除，预防结肠癌的发生。近年来，相关研究报告证实，使用低剂量螺旋CT可以筛检出早期肺癌，早期肺癌治愈率可达到95%。西方国家已制订了以烟民为主要对象的高危人群进行低剂量螺旋CT筛查的规范，这种筛查正在逐步完善及推广。通常国外将吸烟每年多于30包、年龄55岁以上、戒烟不到15年的人定义为低剂量螺旋CT筛查的高危人群。相信国内符合此标准甚至超过此标准者大有人在。考虑到我国有逾3亿烟民，其中又不乏烟龄较长、开始吸烟年龄较小的“老烟民”，这些高危人群更应重点筛查，如此，才能降低我国肺部死亡率。

（选自《大众医学》2016年第2期，有删节）

①与经营者协商和解

②找几个人砸了经营者的店铺

③请求消费者协会调解

④向人民法院提起诉讼

    I could feel the judging eyes of my family burning a hole into the back of my head as I picked up my phone. All of a sudden, the chattering in the living room died and all I could hear was the sound of the turkey sizzling (发出嘶嘶声) in the oven.

    “Look at her! She's been on her phone all day long! It's all your fault! Children will never respect elders if they are not taught how to behave! ” my grandmother shouted.

    I was very shocked and angry! I opened my mouth to say something, but words failed me and I just sat down quietly on the chair like a mouse in its trap. I thought “Here we go again.” I truly love my family and I would do anything for them. I also know that they would do anything for me as well. However, there are moments that make me feel that they are just stuck with me. They all agree on one thing: technology is wrecking me.

    If I am going to be treated like a child or completely ignored, I will most likely not enjoy your company, and I feel that this applies to (适用于) the majority of the people. So I sometimes simply shut myself in my room and listened to the voices coming from the living room, thinking: They all grew up in a world so different that it amazes me how they have actually gotten this far. They did not have phones or any type of advanced technology, which is both good and bad. Bad because they had almost no type of fast communication, and good because they were forced to interact (互动) with one another, which is something today's society is lacking in. However, maybe if they made an effort to be aware of how things work nowadays, they would not be so against everything.