题干

下列有关生命的物质基础和结构基础的叙述正确的是

A:细胞膜、核膜、各种细胞器膜及某些病毒的囊膜都含有脂质、蛋白质

B:同一个体的不同体细胞中,核酸分子相同,蛋白质不完全相同

C:在绿色植物的叶肉细胞中,细胞质基质、线粒体基质及叶绿体基质都能生成ATP

D:蓝藻细胞中在遗传上有一定自主性的细胞器包括线粒体和叶绿体

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

A

同类题2

阅读《从百草园到三味书屋》选段及链接材料,完成问题。

    出门向东,不上半里,走过一道石桥,便是我的先生的家了。从一扇黑油的竹门进去,第三间是书房。中间挂着一块匾道:三味书屋;匾下面是一幅画,画着一只很肥大的梅花鹿伏在古树下。没有孔子牌位,我们便对着那匾和鹿行礼。第一次算是拜孔子,第二次算是拜先生。

    第二次行礼时,先生便和蔼地在一旁答礼。他是一个高而瘦的老人,须发都花白了,还戴着大眼镜。我对他很恭敬,因为我早听到,他是本城中极方正,质朴,博学的人。

    不知从那里听来的,东方朔也很渊博,他认识一种虫,名曰“怪哉”,冤气所化,用酒一浇,就消释了。我很想详细地知道这故事,但阿长是不知道的,因为她毕竟不渊博。现在得到机会了,可以问先生。

    “先生,‘怪哉’这虫,是怎么一回事?……”我上了生书,将要退下来的时候,赶忙问。

    “不知道!”他似乎很不高兴,脸上还有怒色了。

    我才知道做学生是不应该问这些事的,只要读书,因为他是渊博的宿儒,决不至于不知道,所谓不知道者,乃是不愿意说。年纪比我大的人,往往如此,我遇见过好几回了。

    我就只读书,正午习字,晚上对课。先生最初这几天对我很严厉,后来却好起来了,不过给我读的书渐渐加多,对课也渐渐地加上字去,从三言到五言,终于到七言。

    三味书屋后面也有一个园,虽然小,但在那里也可以爬上花坛去折腊梅花,在地上或桂花树上寻蝉蜕。最好的工作是捉了苍蝇喂蚂蚁,静悄悄地没有声音。然而同窗们到园里的太多,太久,可就不行了,先生在书房里便大叫起来:——

    “人都到那里去了!”

    人们便一个一个陆续走回去;一同回去,也不行的。他有一条戒尺,但是不常用,也有罚跪的规则,但也不常用,普通总不过瞪几眼,大声道:

    “读书!”

    于是大家放开喉咙读一阵书,真是人声鼎沸。有念“仁远乎哉我欲仁斯仁至矣”的,有念“笑人齿缺曰狗窦大开”的,有念“上九潜龙勿用”的,有念“厥土下上上错厥贡苞茅橘柚”的……先生自己也念书。后来,我们的声音便低下去,静下去了,只有他还大声朗读着:

    “铁如意,指挥倜傥,一坐皆惊呢 ;金叵罗,颠倒淋漓噫,千杯未醉嗬 ……”

    我疑心这是极好的文章,因为读到这里,他总是微笑起来,而且将头仰起,摇着,向后拗过去,拗过去。

    链接材料——

    据新华社报道,2005年10月29日,苏州首家现代私塾——“菊斋私塾”正式开课。创办者创办私塾的主要目的是弘扬国学,培养儿童的古典文化底蕴和优雅情怀。

    开课前,“菊斋私塾”举行了开学仪式。传统汉服装束的主讲老师张志义先点了一炷香,用以计时,然后向学生介绍了孔子的生平,带领学生向挂在正前方墙上的孔子像三鞠躬,并朗读《开班文》:“华夏文风,首开三代。孝痒以传,孝悌以载……”

    据负责人薛岩汲介绍,“菊斋私塾”学制一年,每周末上课,目前开课的这个班只有6个学生,最小的6岁,最大的10岁。“报名的有十几个,我们打算过段时间在周日加开一个班,但不会招很多。”教学内容主要是蒙学、经学、韵文;穿插古乐、书画、茶道等。据介绍,蒙学讲授《弟子规》《三字经》《千字文》《幼学琼林》《声律启蒙》等,在识字的同时,培养传统道德观念,增强文化素养;经学讲授《论语》《孟子》《中庸》《大学》《易经》《老子》《庄子》等经典,培养儿童的文化内涵及修养;韵文讲授赋、唐诗、宋词、元曲、对联等鉴赏及写作技巧。

    从采访中了解到,家长选择私塾,一方面看中了这里真正意义上的小班教育,另一方面让孩子在私塾里接受国文熏陶可以补补传统文化课,“国学经典中的仁、义、礼、孝等优良传统,可以教会孩子为人的道理”。

    “菊斋私塾”虽是苏州首家,但现代私塾并不是苏州的首创。近两年有媒体报道过“新私塾”亮相上海滩、上海人张志勇到湖南平江办私塾等消息,北京、重庆、青岛等地也陆续有新私塾出现。今人办私塾,古曲新唱,其实无非是想从中国传统的国学中去淘金。在力争民族复兴的大背景下,在不久前中国人民大学创办国学院的气候里,“菊斋私塾”的出现,似乎是一件迟早的事。

(摘自互联网资料,有改动)

同类题3

阅读理解

    Despite their popularity, only three of Jin Yong's martial arts novels have been translated into English. But fans will soon get more from the writer as his most popular trilogy, named after the first of the three books, Legends of the Condor Heroes, is scheduled to hit bookstores in February.

    Jin Yong is the pen name of Louis Cha. And the author, who lives in Hong Kong, is one of the best-selling Chinese authors alive. With regard to Jin Yong's works this latest translation project is the most ambitious. The trilogy, written by Jin Yong in the 1950s and 60s, covers the Song Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and features hundreds of characters.

    According to the publishing house, Maclehose Press, the translated work will come in 12 volumes, including Legends of the Condor Heroes; Divine Condor, Errant Knight; and Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre.

    Speaking of the project which she took up in 2012, Holmwood, a self-employed translator focusing on Chinese-English literary translations, says in an email interview: “It had to be Jin Yong then. It was the obvious place to start, not only because of the quality of his writing, but also because of his standing and reputation in Asia.”

    Having studied history at the University of Oxford, Holmwood was determined to learn Chinese due to her previous trip to China. She then went to Taiwan Normal University for language training in 2,009. In a bookshop there, she saw a whole shelf dedicated to Jin Yong. She bought a copy of Jin Yong's work—Lu Ding Ji (The Deer and the Cauldron), the longest of his novels. “What is a bigger challenge for the translator is making the original pace and excitement into English. It's all about whether the English reader will be lured by the emotions and characters.”

    It took five years for Holmwood to finish the translation of the first volume. As for why his works need to be translated, she says: “Many have considered Jin Yong's world too foreign, too Chinese for an English-speaking readership.Impossible to translate.” “And yet this story of love, loyalty, honor and the power of the individual against successive corrupt (腐败的) governments and invading forces is as universal as any story could hope to be.” “The greatest loss that can occur in translation can only come from not translating it at all.”