阅读材料，回答问题

材料一：春耕夏耘，秋获冬藏……春不得避风尘，夏不得避暑热，秋不得避阴雨，冬不得避寒冻。

——晁错（西汉）《论贵粟疏》

材料二：江南……地广野丰，民勤本业，一岁或稔，则数郡忘饥。

——《宋书》

材料三：

材料四：（明代中后期）应运而生的商人是消费生活中的弄潮儿，一般的地主、官僚不能与其匹敌，积累起高额资本的商人最爱高消费……这就冲击了社会等级制度，冲击了伦理道德。

——《从明清商业广告看社会变迁》

    The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. As a boy, Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He enjoyed watching nature, and comparing what he saw with everything he had read in science books.

    At sixteen, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to become a doctor. But he was interested in the history of nature. Then he was sent to study in Cambridge University. He left the university in 1831. Some time later he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His teacher advised him to go. So when the Beagle left England in December, 1831, Darwin was on it. The trip lasted almost five years.

    In 1842 Darwin went to live in Ken. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book "The Origin of Species". Darwin continued his studies in science before he died in 1882.