下列是在生产实践中培育相应动植物的过程，请回答：

（1）下面是培育转基因低乳糖奶牛的流程图．

乳糖分解酶基因​成纤维细胞→转基因胚胎受体母牛转基因低乳糖奶牛

乳糖分解酶基因是具有____ 的DNA片段，将其导入成纤维细胞中常用的方法是____ ；转基因成功之后，通常还需要通过核移植技术将成纤维细胞的细胞核移入到____ 细胞中，才能培育出转基因牛胚胎，原因是____ ．应选择____ 时期的胚胎移植到受体母牛体内，受体母牛需要经过____ 处理才适合进行胚胎移植．

（2）为保持君子兰亲本的优良性状，科研人员取君子兰幼叶培养出愈伤组织，然后再从愈伤组织分化形成小植株，该过程中君子兰的生殖方式是____ ．这种技术称为____ ，该技术的实际应用还有____ 方面（答出一点即可）．

史料记载：“英国君主立宪制确立之初，只有拥有一定地产的成年男性才有资格当选为议员。1830年，只有不到百分之十的成年男性拥有选举权……直到1969年，英国才规定凡是年满18周岁的公民，不论男女，都可以参加下院的选举。”这表明

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    In the frozen continent of Antarctica scientists fear an alien invasion — not from outer space, but carried in people's pockets and bags.

    Seeds and plants accidentally brought to Antarctica by tourists and scientists may introduce alien plant species which could threaten the survival of native plants in the finely balanced ecosystem.

    “The people that were carrying the most had lots and lots of seeds. They really were real threats,” said Dana Bergstrom, from the Australian Antarctic Division.

    “When we take things in through hitchhiking（搭车旅行） then we get species which are competitive. The plants and animals there are not necessarily competitive, so we'd start losing various precious biodiversity（生物多样性） on the (Antarctic) continent”, Bergstrom told Reuters.

    Amongst the alien species discovered were the Iceland Poppy, and Annual Winter Grass — all from cold climates and capable of growing in Antarctica.

    The Antarctic Peninsula, where most tourists travel, is now considered a “hot spot” on the frozen continent and the warmer the climate, the easier for seeds to grow. “The peninsula(半岛) is warming at some of the greatest rates on the planet,” said Bergstrom.

    The study, the first continent-wide assessment of invasive species in Antarctica, surveyed about 1,000 passengers during 2007-2008, the first year of the International Polar Year, an international effort to research the polar areas.

    Bergstrom said the one alien seed that had gained a foothold is Annual Winter Grass. It is a strong weed in the sub-Antarctic and is on the Antarctic island of King George. It has also made its way to the tail part of the Antarctic continent.