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    People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.

    Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.

    Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点). Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.

    Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.

    “Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.

    Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.

    “Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”

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2016年是孙中山先生诞辰150周年。今年3月,全国政协主席俞正声宣布将举办孙中山先生诞辰150周年纪念活动。阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:今者中国以千年专制之毒而不解,异种残之,外邦逼之,民族主义、民权主义殆不可以须臾缓。而民生主义欧、美所虑积重难者,中国独受病未深而去之易…吾国治民生主义,发达最先,睹其祸害于未萌,诚可举政治革命、社会革命毕其功于一役。──孙中山《民报•发刊词》

材料二:“武昌革命军兴,清吏张鸣岐、龙济光、李准等初负隅白固,讵(表示反问)沪电谣传‘京陷帝崩’四字,港粤各报相率登载,全城人士欢声雷动.张督知人心已去,无可挽救,始仓皇出走,龙、李遂卑辞乞降。”──冯自由《革命逸史》

材料三:①1912年《申报》载:“虽然今日之共和,第有其表面已。人民既乏国民之常识,而于风俗习惯尤未改革。”②1914年,北京普通民众“至今剪辫子者甚稀”。

材料四:1923年12月17日北京大学25周年纪念日民意测验的部分结果:

调查问题

调查结果

1、下列各种方法,你认为哪种可以救国?(军阀宰制、外国共管、国民革命)

国民革命725票,外国共管19票,军阀宰制10票

2、俄国与美国,谁是中国之友?

俄国(苏联)497票,美国107票

3、你心目中,国内或世界大人物,是哪几位?

世界大人物:列宁227票,威尔逊51票;国内大人物:孙中山473票,陈独秀173票,蔡元培(时任北大校长)153票

──张静如等《中国现代社会史》

材料五:“余致力于国民革命,凡四十年,其目的在求中国之自由平等。积四十年经验,深知欲达此目的,必须唤起民众及联合世界上平等待我之民族,共同奋斗,革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力。”──《孙中山遗嘱》