There are countless short videos on YouTube. It's a website for people to post video made by themselves. Many people make a lot of money through doing so. Then, who made the most over the past year?

    YouTube's top-earning celebrity is a 25-year-old video-game-playing young man who shows a strong sense of humor in his videos. He earned $12 million over the past year. Forbes magazine says Sweden's Felix Kjellberg, better known by his handle "PewDiePie", tops its first list of people who have turned short videos into huge piles of cash.

    YouTube stars make money mainly by getting paid to interact with products on their channels and sharing ad revenue(收入) with YouTube. Some also star in movies, write books, go on tour, or sell music. They're a hit with younger audiences and brands trying to reach the next generation of consumers.

    Two acts tied for the second place on Forbes' list, both earning $8.5 million: comedy prankster(搞恶作剧的人) duo Smosh(Ian Hecox and Anthony Padilla) and the Fine Brothers(Benny and Rafi Fine). Dancing violinist Lindsey Stirling ranked fourth with $6 million. Tied for fifth were comedians Rhett and Link(made of Rhett McLaughlin and Charles Lincoln III) and video game commentators(解说员) Olajide Olatunji, known as "KSI," with $4.5 million. Make-up artist Michelle Phan was seventh at $3 million. The No. 8 place was a three-way tie at $2.5 million shared by comedian Lilly Singh, or "Superwoman;" prankster Roman Atwood; and chef Rosanna Pansino.

    Forbes is best known for its list of billionaires and this list marks its first attempt at ranking YouTube stars. It says it measured earnings before management fees and taxes and came up with the figures based on data from online sources such as Nielsen, IMDb and interviews with managers, lawyers, industry insiders and the stars themselves.

    Seven years ago, I began accompanying my father to the local market to sell vegetables we harvested from our farm. At the beginning , I did what I could to1him while I also communicated with other participants in the market.

    As time went by, I increasingly2the craft of gardening,3I began planting a garden of my own to4a seller myself. The market soon became my5for many summers to come. The sellers in the market were6and more than willing to share their gardening experience. Many sellers were the new generation of farmers and acquired knowledge through the experience of their7. The years I participated in the market helped me grow, taught me many new skills and opened doors to success I8imagined.

    Responsibility came rather quickly as I 9to manage my own gardening business. There was a huge of work being self10. I had to do everything by myself. I learned that self-discipline(自我约束) and time management were important in order to11a productive garden. Rising 12in the morning at 4 a. m. to arrive at the market with my13produce ensured I would be there to greet early 14 .

    The market opened a door of opportunity I never dreamed of. It15me to make a profit to start a greenhouse business. It is a(n)16feeling when I see the seeds come out and raise them as they continue to17until they are ready for sale. I've learned18because it is impossible to rush Mother Nature! It takes time and work to make the plants grow and become mature. It is not an overnight19. Several weeks are required for the plants to be ready, but the 20is worth all the time I spend and all work I do.

①特定时代经济、政治发展的产物  

②中华民族进入文明时代的重要标志

③维系民族生存与发展的精神纽带  

④反映特定时代精神文化的物质载体

与宗法制行用于贵族社会相对应，普通民众仅有名而无姓氏。春秋以前，史料中提到“百姓”，通常是指