阅读文言文，回答问题

       李愬至唐州，亲行视士卒，伤病者存恤之，不事威严。或以军政不肃为言，曰：“吾非不知也。袁尚书专以恩惠怀贼，贼易之，闻吾至，必增备，吾故示之以不肃。彼必以吾为懦而懈惰，然后可图也。”贼果轻愬名位素微，遂不为备。

       李愬谋袭蔡州，遣马少良将十余骑巡逻，遇丁士良，与战，擒之。士良，元济^①骁将，常为东边患，众请刳其心，愬许之。既而召诘之，士良无惧色。愬曰：“真丈夫也！”命释其缚。士良乃自言：“昨日力屈，复为公所擒，亦分死矣，今公生之，请尽死以报德！”愬乃给其衣服器械，署为捉生将。

       李愬每得降卒，必亲引问委曲，由是贼中险易远近虚实尽知之。

       李愬将攻吴房，诸将曰：“今日往亡。”愬曰：“吾兵少，不足战，宜出其不意。”遂往，克其外城，余众保子城，不敢出。愬引兵还以诱之，淮西将孙献忠果以骁骑五百追击其背。众惊，将走，愬下马据胡床^②，令曰：“敢退者斩！”返旌力战，献忠死，贼乃退。

      【注】①元济：指判将首领吴元济。②胡床：室具。

阅读下列短文，按要求完成各题。  

    One day an American called Simon went to London to visit his friend, Rick. Rick told him that his flat was on the first floor. When he arrived, Simon went straight to the first floor of the building. But he was told that there was no Rick on that floor. Do you know why?

    In fact, the British call the first floor of a building the ground floor. The floor above the ground floor is the first floor, which Americans would call the second floor.

The story shows that there are a few culture differences between Britain and America, though the British and Americans both speak English. The British usually hide their feelings. They seldom start a conversation with strangers. For example, on the train the British often spend their time reading newspapers or books. But Americans are quite different. They're more active and easier to talk with.

    The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer, rubber and post.

¹⁴C是碳元素的一种具有放射性的同位素，其半衰期约为5700年．在某次研究中，测得考古样品中¹⁴C的含量大约是鲜活生命体中¹⁴C含量的 $\frac{1}{8}$ ，则样品生活的年代约是（   ）