题干

阅读下列材料:

材料一:历史上,中国至少曾有三次被公认为是地区最强大的国家。第一次是从公元前3世纪到公元3世纪,当时汉朝周边的一些国家开始进口汉朝的商品和技术……7世纪唐朝的建立不仅宣布了中国的第二次崛起,而且不断向四周扩展影响力……这种影响力还传播到了隔海相望的日本。1368年,明朝建立了。中国由此实现了第三次崛起,中国强大的力量给一些地区留下了很深印象……所到之处,以礼待人,尊重当地风俗……因而为中国赢得了信誉和朋友。

——王赓武《中国迎来第四次崛起》

材料二:当乾隆皇帝津津乐道自己的“天朝上国无所不有”时,路易十六正躺在断头台上,以百倍的仇恨诅咒着资产阶级革命;当两鬓飞雪的范进因中举登科而神经错乱时,牛顿正在通过自制的反射望远镜,关注着宇宙间的天体运行……

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    A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童) was walking around a shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.
    Paul answered,“Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.”The boy was surprised.“You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you anything. Boy, I wish…”He hesitated(犹豫).
    Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
   “I wish,”the boy went on,“that I could be a brother like that.”Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again,“Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
   “Oh, yes, I'd love that.”
    After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said,“Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
    Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again,“Will you stop where those two steps are?”the boy asked.
    He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little diabled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
   “There she is. Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it...then you can see for yourself all nice things in the Christmas window that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
    Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.