永州之野产异蛇，黑质而白章；触草木，尽死；以啮人，无御之者。然得而腊之以为饵，可以已大风、挛踠、瘘、疠，去死肌，杀三虫。其始，太医以王命聚之，岁赋其二，募有能捕之者，当其租入。永之人争奔走焉。

    有蒋氏者，专其利三世矣。问之，则曰：“吾祖死于是，吾父死于是。今吾为之十二年，几死者数矣。”言之，貌若甚戚者。

    余悲之，且曰：“若毒之乎？余将告于莅事者，更若役，复若赋，则何如？”

    蒋氏大戚，汪然出涕曰：“君将哀而生之乎？则吾斯役之不幸，未若复吾赋不幸之甚也，向吾不为斯役，则久已病矣。自吾氏三世居是乡，积于今六十岁矣，而乡邻之生日蹙，殚其地之出，竭其庐之入，号呼而转徙，饥渴而顿踣，触风雨，犯寒暑，呼嘘毒疠，往往而死者相藉也。曩与吾祖居者，今其室十无一焉；与吾父居者，今其室十无二三焉；与吾居十二年者，今其室十无四五焉。非死则徙尔。而吾以捕蛇独存。悍吏之来吾乡，叫嚣乎东西，隳突乎南北；哗然而骇者，虽鸡狗不得宁焉。吾恂恂而起，视其缶，而吾蛇尚存，则弛然而卧。谨食之，时而献焉。退而甘食其土之有，以尽吾齿。盖一岁之犯死者二焉；其余，则熙熙而乐。岂若吾乡邻之旦旦有是哉！今虽死乎此，比吾乡邻之死则已后矣，又安敢毒耶？”

    余闻而愈悲。孔子曰：“苛政猛于虎也。”吾尝疑乎是，今以蒋氏观之，犹信。呜呼！孰知赋敛之毒有甚是蛇者乎！故为之说，以俟夫观人风者得焉。

阅读下面的文章，完成后面的题目。

不妨多一些“历史情调”

       ①住所附近有座砖塔，行色匆匆之际望去，立马感到有一种历史的苍茫感，穿透了熙攘的现代气息。周末踅（xué）进始知这是万松老人塔，他曾为耶律楚材师，深刻影响了这位元代名相的“以儒治国，以佛治心”主张。此地因之名为砖塔胡同，多为文人所青睐，在这里关汉卿写下《窦娥冤》，鲁迅著成《中国小说史略》，张恨水挥就《梁山伯与祝英台》。睹古迹而思往事，确有思接千载、视通万里之感，开始领略到这座城市的厚重与流韵。

       ②生活在喧嚣社会里，我们的目光常常习惯于专注当下，思绪也时常沉浸于纷繁物事，以致无法跳脱游离，更好审视我们的当下，丰盈我们的心灵。然而，当我们把现实生活的“三维空间”，加上一个时间轴，多一点“历史情调”，人生就会变得更加开阔与丰润。我们当然无法回到历史，但心灵可以自由抵达，在任一个历史时段徜徉，让人生多一些历史维度。

       ③人生是一种态度，多一点历史文化的滋养，平凡人生亦多风味。生活是一种情致，多一点传统文化的情怀，平淡生活亦多声色。时下春事正浓，感春风畅怀便暗自吟哦“东风荡飏轻云缕”。雨中游园而见丁香花开，脱口而出“丁香空结雨中愁”。杨花扑面恼人，自解兴叹“春风不解禁杨花”。在溪边行走，一时或感辛弃疾“溪边照影行，天在清溪底。天上有行云，人在行云里”的意境。登临远眺，立时记起李白“西风残照，汉家陵阙”的千古气象。如是，我们在庸常日子里亦足可逸兴遣怀。

       ④哲人讲，读史使人明智。生活中，多一点历史视角，则往往能观世象而知是非，穿迷雾而得清醒。比如以当下视角看当下，往往为问题和矛盾纠结；而以历史视角去观照，则又往往能看出进步，更懂得凡事有个过程。再比如面对不善亲人的行为，知古人讲“不爱其亲而爱他人者，谓之悖德。不敬其亲而敬他人者，谓之悖礼”，则令我们多一个思考维度。还比如，《左传》载郑国上卿子皮想派其年轻的家臣尹何去治理一个采邑，但郑国执政大夫子产认为不经过学习就去从政很危险，批评子皮“爱人则以政，犹未能操刀而使割也，其伤实多”，于今天用人可多参详。

       ⑤历史是一座宝库，掉进历史里诚不可取，但从历史中汲取精神养料，与圣贤进行心灵的对话，则能增进生命的厚度，亦能令人生之根扎得深，面对浮华世象而善养定力与心神。比如古贤中苏轼为人为文为官皆为后世范，而其胸襟、气度与境界更为后人慕。他所以能“把别人的苟且活成潇洒”，想来正在于那种“一点浩然气，千里快哉风”的泰然快意，“莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行”的旷达襟怀，“惟江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭”的清正操守。为人处事多以此自况自励，则心境必多一些乐观与通达。

       ⑥“一个人如果不了解他出生以前的历史，那就永远长不大。”从故宫博物院“石渠宝笈”特展持续火爆，到南昌汉代海昏侯国考古现场直播数亿观众见证奇迹，越来越多的人正在从不同的文化入口处走进历史，感受历史的无穷魅力。多一些历史情调，怡情、明智与养心，我们的人生就能“得大自在”。

某校七年级学生分两组进行“知我绍兴  爱我绍兴”的社会调查活动，阅读下列部分调查成果，回答问题。

法国思想家蒙田曾经说过：“皇帝和鞋匠的灵魂都是用同样的模型铸造的。”这说明（   ）

阅读理解

       I prefer Lynne Truss's phraseology: I am a grammar “sticker”. And, like Truss—author of Eats, Shoots & Leaves—I have a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid.

       Now, Truss and I disagree on what it means to have “zero tolerance”. She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar “deserve to be struck by lightning, hacked (砍) up on the spot and buried in an unmarked grave”， while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job—even if they are otherwise qualified for the position.

       Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies, iFixit or Dozuki, takes a compulsory grammar test. If job hopefuls can't distinguish between “to” and “too”， their applications go into the bin.

       Of course, we write for a living. iFixit. com is the world's largest online repair manual (指南), and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation, like paperless work instructions and step­by­step user manuals. So, it makes sense that we've made a strong strike against grammar errors.

        But grammar is relevant for all companies. Yes, language is constantly changing, but that doesn't make grammar unimportant. Good grammar is credibility, especially on the Internet. And, for better or worse, people judge you if you can't tell the difference between “their” “there” and “they're”．

       Good grammar makes good business sense—and not just when it comes to hiring writers. Writing isn't in the official job description of most people in our office. Still, we give our grammar test to everybody, including our salespeople, our operations staff, and our programmers.

       Grammar signifies more than just a person's ability to remember high school English. I've found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing—like stocking shelves or labeling parts. It is the same with programmers. Applicants who don't think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also aren't important.