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综合题。

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同类题3

阅读下列材料

材料一  扬州“当南北大冲,百货所集”。唐代盐铁转运使在扬州,尽斡(掌管)利权,判官多至数十人,商贾如织,故谚称“扬一益二”,谓天下之盛,扬为一而蜀次之也。……张?诗云;“十里长街市并连,月明桥上看神仙。人生只合扬州死,禅智山光好墓田。”

材料二  明清以来的扬州作为两淮盐集散中心,是一个充满活力的开放性城市。徽商、晋商云集世居,垄断盐业暴利,在扬州过着闲适、奢侈的生活,时人对他们的奢侈消费方式有相当多的描述:“扬州盐务,竞相奢丽以婚嫁丧葬,堂室饮食舆马,动辄费数十万。”这种奢侈畸形的消费恰恰决定了扬州消费型商业城市的性质,为了满足盐商物质的和精神的各种需要,扬州城市规模、人口、商业、文化、服务行业都得到充分的发展……

材料三  19世纪中期,扬州开始快速衰落。政府对盐法的改革取消了自明代以来一自延续下来的盐商垄断特权,使清初显赫一时的盐商奢侈性消费集团完全解体,城市商业机能丧失,服务性行业萎缩,人口外流,城市社会生活失去活力……到了20世纪初,扬州虽然有了近代警察制度、银行、商会、医院、报业、一自来水公司、电灯公司、邮电等,但墟市由传统型向近代型转变缓慢,远落后于同受战争破坏的无锡、常州等苏南城市。当时扬州近代工业只有二家织布厂,二家蛋晶加工厂,一家制粉厂,资金少,规模小,根本不能形成地方工业的特色,而无锡、常州由于有较发达的近代工业支持,城市发展程度远胜扬州。                                                             

                                                   ——《近代城市变迁》

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同类题5

阅读理解。

    One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter(仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计). ”The student had answered; "Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.”

    The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn't confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read:“Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula(公式)to calculate the height of the building.”

    At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn't help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others, and then added, "Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him, ‘Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, I will give it to you.”,

    Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.

    The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.