据记载，族刑（指以整个宗族为单位进行惩罚的刑法）在春秋时期被广泛运用，但到战国时期“灭族”、“逐族”的族刑记载大为减少，多以父母、妻子、同产（即同父的兄弟姊妹）在内的“三族”之刑所取代。此变化说明（    ）

    In many situations, the quality of your travel experience is directly affected by your ability to understand the local language. For some travelers, the challenge of learning a new tongue is one of the joys of travel, and as a result, they spend much of their time in conversations with local citizens. Others will find that just learning to read the most common signs and use every-day greetings is enough.

    No matter which view you agree with, it's necessary to take some time to learn some of the simple phrases of the new language before you go. One way of finishing this task is by listening to the new language. A phrase book can help expand your vocabulary, but hearing the sounds of the different spoken words is an excellent activity that can be done right in the comfort of your home. You can see movies in the new language or listen to the tapes or CDs. You can also download some listening material from the Internet. Just spending 15 minutes a night will improve your language skills.

    When you arrive in the new land, begin by greeting new friends in their own tongue. This may come easy or it could take some time to learn, but it's interesting. If you can't do this, then it means that you will need more practice and patience to learn these very important words. You can go out during the day and begin one-on-one conversations with shop owners, business-men and taxi drivers. This should not be done until you have learned some of the most common phrases, but once you begin to go shopping in a second language your communication skills will start to improve rapidly. You can also watch the local TV or listen to the local radio. For example, the advertisements will help you recognize the correct pronunciation of local street names.

    Tanzania（坦桑尼亚）is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus（角马）, lions, cheetahs（猎豹, elephants, giraffes, crocodiles and so on. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel?

    By bus—This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all, but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What are they used for? Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos. We know that people are most interested in the lions. So when two buses meet, the drivers will stop and ask each other whether they have found lions.

    By boat—We can often see many people are in a boat, enjoying the beautiful scene along a river of a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos（河马）and crocodiles from a nearer distance.

    By hot balloon（热气球）—In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot balloon makes most of the travelers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot balloon is also very high. A person should pay 400 dollars for an hour's trip.

小明的奶奶不小心把缝衣针掉进水杯里面了，在不沾水的情况下怎样取出曲别针？