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现代社会保障制度最早出现于西欧国家,迄今已经有百余年的历史。阅读下列材料:

材料一:俾斯麦在1881年时就看到,先用“鞭子政策”对付工人是很难奏效的,需要辅以“糖果政策”改善工人处境。(19世纪)80年代初,德国规定6天工作制,按时给工人支付货币工资。1889年颁布残疾和老年保险法,保险费由国家、雇主和工人缴纳。到1900年,领社会保险费的人数达500万人。俾斯麦的社会立法开资本主义国家之先河,具有深远的社会意义。

——摘编自丁建弘《德国通史》

材料二:大危机促使美国政府致力于社会保障事业。1933年,在罗斯福的倡议下国会通过了联邦紧急救济法案,拨款5亿美元补助各州进行劳动救济和失业救济。1935年通过的社会保障法是第一个由联邦政府承担义务的、以解决老年和失业问题为主体的社会保障立法。二战后美国联邦政府举办的社会保障事业发展很快,从1950年至1980年,联邦政府用于社会保障项目的开支每年平均递增11.8%。

——摘编自陈宝森《美国经济与政府政策:从罗斯福到里根》

材料三:20世纪80年代,英国撒切尔政府福利改革的主要措施有:把与社会福利有关的部分资产,如医院等出售给私人或私营部门;将某些社会福利项目的出资与管理责任交给私人组织;削减国家提供的福利。但是,这些并不意味着国家责任的减弱,如通过对地方政府履行职责情况和财务状况的审计、检查和评估等措施强化对它们的约束与控制。

——摘编自闵凡祥《国家与社会:英国福利观念的变迁与撒切尔政府社会福利改革研究》

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    Are These the Best Years of Your Life?

    The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very clear life patterns that almost all people share. Even if you have passed some of your best years, you still have other good years to come.____

    When are you smartest? From 18 to 25, according to I. Q. scores; but you are wiser and more experienced with increasing age. You're sharpest in your 20's; around 30, mental abilities begin to decline, particularly your ability to do maths.____ Your vocabulary at age 45, for example, is three times as great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21.

    ____You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15 to 24, when you feel energetic all the time. The best professional sense seems from 40 to 49. Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to come. Over 30, we believe that they're behind us. A National Health Survey agrees: After age 30, we “become more realistic and do not view happiness as a goal in itself. If we keep our health, achieve professional and emotional goals, then happiness, we feel, will follow.”

    ____Generally between 30 to 39, but the peak(顶峰)varies with different professions. Mozart wrote a symphony by age eight, and Mendelssohn composed his best-known work, A Midsummer Night's dream, at 17, but most of the great music was written by men between 33 and 39. Though the peak in most fields comes early—most Nobel Prize winners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's, creative people continue to produce quality work throughout their lives.____

A. When are you happiest?

B. When are you most creative?

C. But your ability to complete other tasks climbs.

D. The above gives you an accurate figure.

E. Certain good years seem to come later in life.

F. For people who are creative, there is no upper age limit.

G. The human life journey cannot be charted by a clear life pattern.