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放鹤亭记

苏轼

    熙宁十年秋,彭城大水。云龙山人张君之草堂,水及其半扉。明年春,水落,迁于故居之东,东山之麓。升高而望,得异境焉,作亭于其上。

    彭城之山,冈岭四合,隐然如大环,独缺其西十二。而山人之亭,适当其缺。春夏之交,草木际天,秋冬雪月,千里一色。风雨晦明之间,俯仰百变。山人有二鹤,甚驯而善飞。旦则望西山之缺而放焉,纵其所如,或立于陂田,或翔于云表,暮则傃东山而归,故名之曰“放鹤亭”。

    郡守苏轼,时从宾客僚吏,往见山人。饮酒于斯亭而乐之,挹山人而告之,曰:“子知隐居之乐乎?虽南面之君,未可与易也。《易》曰:‘鸣鹤在阴,其子和之。’《诗》曰:‘鹤鸣于九皋,声闻于天。’盖其为物,清远闲放,超然于尘垢之外,故《易》《诗》人以比贤人君子。隐德之士,狎而玩之,宜若有益而无损者,然卫懿公好鹤则亡其国。周公作《酒诰》,卫武公作《抑戒》,以为荒惑败乱无若酒者,而刘伶、阮籍之徒,以此全其真而名后世。嗟夫!南面之君,虽清远闲放如鹤者,犹不得好,好之则亡其国。而山林遁世之士,虽荒惑败乱如酒者,犹不能为害——而况于鹤乎?由此观之,其为乐未可以同日而语也。”山人欣然而笑曰:“有是哉!”乃作《放鹤》《招鹤》之歌曰:“鹤飞去兮,西山之缺。高翔而下览兮,择所适。翻然敛翼,宛将集兮,忽何所见,矫然而复击。独终日于涧谷之间兮,啄苍苔而履白石。”“鹤归来兮,东山之阴。其下有人兮,黄冠草屦,葛衣而鼓琴。躬耕而食兮,其馀以汝饱。归来归来兮,西山不可以久留。”

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