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    Mr. Clarke hated to do the housework. He wouldn't stay at home on weekends. As his wife always told him to do some washing or cleaning,or he had to cook for his family. So he always made some excuses (借口)on Friday evenings.

    Recently Mr. Clarke was interested in playing cards,but he was afraid to let his wife know. So every Sunday afternoon he brought some fish home. It made his wife happy and she never asked where he spent his weekends.

    One Saturday morning,Mr. Clarke left home at 7 o'clock. He took a bus and got off at a stop near a small town. His friends were waiting for him in a small hotel. They played cards there. Mr .Clarke didn't go home until 7 o'clock on Sunday evening. He went in the shop near the bus stop as usual. As soon as the shopkeeper saw him,the man said,“I'm sorry,Mr. Clarke. I have no fish today. What about some chicken legs?” “Don't be silly!” said Mr. Clarke,“I can't tell my wife that I have fished some chicken legs,can I?”

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 阅读下列材料:
材料一   及秦孝公用商君,坏井田,开阡陌,急耕战之赏,……倾邻国而雄诸侯。……
——《汉书·食货志上》
材料二   如果说从平城到洛阳的北魏是汉化先行者,那么西魏、北周就是追随者。……北周政权,折射出中华民族历史重新走向全国统一的曙光。……隋朝的统一,建立在魏晋南北朝民族大融合的基础之上                                                ——《简明中国史读本》
材料三   亚历山大二世能在1861年3月1日颁布废除农奴制的法令。根据该法令的条款,所有农牧都被宣布为是自由的,农奴耕种的土地在农奴和贵族地主之间进行分配。贵族地主因土地被分配给农民而得到政府付给的长期国库券。作为回报,农民必须交纳49年的赎地费以偿还政府。这是俄国历史上的一个重大转折点,甚至比美国历史上1863年的《解放宣言》更重大。
——《全球通史》
材料四    1866至1873年日本工业生产年平均增长速度为32.2%,而英国(1851——1873)则为3.3%,美国(1861——1873)为5%,德国(1861——1873)为3.8%。1874至1890年日本年平均增长速度为12.1%,而英国则为1.7%,美国为5.2%,法国为2.1%德国为3.5%。
——吴廷谬《日本史》
请回答:
(1)据材料一,试用课文的语言归纳“商君”改革的一项措施。
(2)据材料二,试用一句话归纳北魏汉化改革的影响。
(3)试讲出材料三“这是俄国历史上的一个重大转折点”中转折点的深刻内涵。
(4)试分析材料四所述1866——1890间日本经济快速发展的主要原因。
(5)综上四则材料,你有哪些启示?