题干

在使用价值和交换价值的关系上,斯密认为,使用价值很大的东西,可能具有极小的交换价值,甚至没有;反之,交换价值很大的东西,往往具有极小的使用价值,甚至没有。斯密的观点
①他科学地认识到了商品的交换价值不是由使用价值决定的;
②他没有认识到没有使用价值的东西不可能有交换价值;
③认为商品的使用价值和交换价值之间的关系是对立统一的;
④不懂得使用价值和价值的内在联系

A:①②③

B:①③④

C:②③④

D:①②④

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

D

同类题1

阅读理解

    If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."

    The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.

    To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.

    Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

    The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."

同类题2

阅读《时间的价值》,完成后面的题。
      ①时间的价值正如金钱的价值,二者的价值在于很好的使用它们。死到临头才会舍得花钱的吝啬鬼,实际上是个穷光蛋,他的钱就好像是一堆伪钞。同样的,谁要是不把时间用在增加自己和他人的幸福上,他的岁月年华也是虚假的。
  ②我们生活在有限的时间内,昼夜相寻,运行有序,各不相犯。生命被划分为各有其名称的阶段:少年、青年、中年、老年。每一阶段都有不适于其他阶段的特殊工作,就像耕种庄稼,如果误了节令,便不能在别的时令播种。
  ③因此,时间是有限的,不能将其缩短或加长。时间的价值在于很好地使用它。我们应当爱惜时间,很好地利用它。
  ④从时间获益和爱惜时间的办法只有一个,这就是你在生活中要有一个目标,符合道德要求的目标,而且要把你的时间用在为达到这一目标而进行的奋斗中。
  ⑤首先,人不能没有一个奋斗目标。那个随便抄起一本书便无目的地去读的人,是多么浪费时间啊!那个没有固定目标,从这条街逛到那条街,从这家店铺逛到那家店铺的人,是多么劳累啊!确定目标可以使时间充裕很多,容易让人在生活中步入正途。这个人在遇到什么问题时,他知道如何选择有助于其目标的东西,而不符合的就尽力避开。人们发现,做事最多的人,是时间最宽裕的人。这是因为他们的目标是最明确固定的,他们把工作的方向定于达到既定目标上,而不将时间消耗在瞻前顾后、犹豫不决上。他们不让自己成为环境手中随便摆弄的一个球。恰恰相反,他们要创造环境,根据自己的生活目标,去支配环境。
  ⑥其次,加剧时间浪费的另一个因素是:一个人虽然有某个确定的目标,但他不忠于这个目标,不努力去达到这个目标,不去做符合这个目标的工作。
  ⑦没有目标和对目标不忠,这是两个偷盗时间并把时间的功效抛掉的窃贼。
  ⑧爱惜时间并不是要我们连续不断地工作,不留一点休息时间,而是要我们好好利用休息和空闲时间,以更胜任工作。假如我们把空闲时间用于怠惰、无聊之事,那我们就不会从中获益,也无助于我们的工作。
       ⑨如果我们把空闲时间用于有益的游戏、活动和体育锻炼上,那必定会有益于我们工作,必定会让我们得到能够用来为我们目标服务的力量,这就需要合理的安排和利用时间。