题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:日军还丧心病狂地进行“杀人竞赛”。日军少尉向井敏明和野田毅约定,谁先在占领……时杀满100名中国人,谁就是胜者。当这两个杀人恶魔手拿砍缺了口的军刀相遇在紫金山下时,野田杀了105人,向井杀了106人。由于不知道谁先杀到100人,胜负难分,他们决定重新再赌谁杀满150人。

——北师大版八年级上册

材料二:中国抗日战争是世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分,中国战场是世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场,是最终战胜日本法西斯的决定性力量。……抗日战争中,中国的国际地位空前提高,并参加联合国的创建,成为联合国安理会5全常任理事国之一。中国抗日战争是一场全民族共同奋起御侮的人民战争,***是全民族团结抗战的中流砥柱。

――北师大版八年级上册

材料三:世界上多个国家设有战争胜利日。2014年2月27日,全国人大常委会通过决定,决定9月3日为中国抗日战争胜利纪念日。

――人民网

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    Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best, and when we're at our worst. I mean all of us, men included.

    But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed(流泪)more than a single tear, and even then it's reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things—deaths, break-ups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.

    I want to admit I'm a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.

    See, my dog was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched(蹲)on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.

    It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.

    In those days after my dog's death, I remember thinking, “I've got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realized that tears are for everybody. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.