Last year I ruined (毁) my summer vacation by bringing along a modem convenience that was too convenient for my own good: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I checked my email. Instead of paddling a small boat, I followed my Twitter feed (推特简讯). Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four newspapers each morning. I was behaving as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my head wasn't.

    So this year I made up my mind to try something different: withdrawal (退出) from the Internet. I knew it wouldn't be easy, since Fm bad at self-control. But I was determined. I started by giving the iPad to my wife.

    The cellphone signal (信号) at our house was worse than in the past, making my attempts at cheating an experience in frustration (沮丧). I was trapped, forced to go through with my plan. Largely cut off from email, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had few ways to connect to the world except for radio and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had to do what I had planned to all along: read books.

    This experience has had a happy ending. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I won in my vacation struggle against the Internet, realizing finally that it was I, not the iPad, that was the problem. I knew I had won when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. “I don't need it,” I said.

    However, as we return to post-vacation life, a harder test begins: Can I continue when Fm back at work? There are times when the need to know what's being said right now is great. And I have no intention (愿望) of giving up my convenience completely. But I hope to resist (抵抗) the temptation (诱惑) to check my email every five minutes, which leads to checking my Twitter feed and a website or two.

    I think a vacation is supposed to help you reset your brain to become more productive. Here I hope this one worked.

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                                                                                       第二代生物燃料——草油
      ①现在，我们都应该清醒地认识到，对石油过分依赖，会让国家安全、经济安全及环境安全遭受威胁。但文明不能因此停下前进的步伐，我们必须找到新的能源来保障世界运输系统的顺利运转。以非粮原料或农业废弃物为原料转化的液态燃料——纤维素生物燃料有利于环境安全，技术可行性强，近期内最有希望替代传统化石能源。
      ②生物燃料可以用植物或植物制品为原材料。目前，第一代生物燃料以可食用作物为原料，主要包括玉米、大豆（美国）、甘蔗（巴西）。用可食用作物制造生物燃料是最简单可行的，因为把这些可食用作物转化为燃料的技术是现成的。然而，第一代生物燃料并非长久之计，原因很简单：没有足够的耕地能够满足发达国家10%的液态燃油原料需求。
     ③第二代生物燃料主要以纤维素质材料为原料，如富含纤维素、生长迅速的草本植物，可转化为草油的原料有很多，从木材废料（锯木屑、木质建筑残片）到农业废弃物（玉米秸秆、小麦茎秆），再到“能源作物”［生长迅速、纤维含量高、专门种植用作草油原料的草本和木本植物］。这些原料作物耕作成本低、量大，更关键的是，这些作物的种植生产不会干扰和危及粮食生产。大多数能源作物能够在不能用作农田的边际土地上快速生长。还有一些能够在被废水或者重金属污染的土壤中生长并净化土壤，如生长周期较短的灌木柳树。
     ④纤维素类植物生物质（指某一系统中全部或特定的生物总量）丰富，能够可持续地收获，来制造生物燃料。美国农业部和能源部的研究显示，在不减少作为人类食物、动物饲料及出口生物质份额的前提下，美国每年能够生产13亿吨（干重）生物质。如此大量的生物质每年至少能够产生1,000亿加仑（约3,790亿升）草油，大约相当于每年美国汽油、柴油消耗总量的一半。放眼全球，每年纤维素类生物质生产量能够转化的生物燃料相当于340亿～1,600亿桶原油，已经超过了目前全球每年30亿桶原油的消耗量。纤维素类生物质能够转化成任何类型的燃料，如乙醇、普通汽油、柴油，甚至航空燃油。
       ⑤人类历史上的能源新纪元──草油时代也许很快就要到来。