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    陈思让，字后己，幽州卢龙人。思让初隶庄宗帐下，即位，补右班殿直。安从进叛于襄阳，以思让为先锋右厢都监，从武德使焦继勋领兵进讨。遇从进之师于唐州花山下，急击大破之，从进仅以身免。以功领奖州刺史。从进平，授坊州刺史。八年冬，契丹谋入寇，以思让监澶州军，赐鞍勒马、器帛。讨杨光远于青州也，又为行营右厢兵马都监，兵罢，改磁州刺史。会符彦卿北征契丹，思让表求预行。连丁内外艰。时武臣罕有执丧礼者，思让不俟诏，去郡奔丧，闻者嘉之。起复随州刺史。周祖即位，遣供奉官邢思进召思让及所部兵还。刘崇僭号太原，周祖思得方略之士以备边，遣思让率兵诣磁州，控扼泽、潞。未几，授磁州刺史，充北面兵马巡检。明年春，迁绛州防御使。显德元年九月，改亳州防御使，充昭义军兵马钤辖，屡败并人及契丹援兵，迁安国军节度观察留后，充北面行营马步军排阵使。五年，败并军千余于西山下，斩五百级。是秋，邢州官吏、耆艾邢铢等四十人诣阙，求借留思让，诏褒之。十二月，改义成军节度观察留后。六年春，世宗将北征，命先赴冀州以俟命。及得瓦桥关，为雄州，命思让为都部署，率兵戍守。世宗不豫还京，留思让为关南兵马都部署。恭帝嗣位，授广海军节度。开宝二年夏，改护国军节度、河中尹。七年，卒，年七十二。赠侍中。思让累历方镇无败政然酷信释氏所至多禁屠宰奉禄悉以饭僧人目为陈佛子。身没之后，家无余财。

（选自《宋史》列传二十，有删改）

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    赵南星，字梦白，高邑人。万历二年进士。除汝宁推官。治行廉平，稍迁户部主事。二十一年大计京官，与尚书孙鑨秉公澄汰。首黜所亲都给事中王三余及鑨甥文选员外郎吕胤昌，其附丽政府及大学士赵志皋弟皆不免，政府大不堪。给事中刘道隆因劾吏部议留拾遗庶僚非法。得旨，南星等专权植党，贬三官。

    光宗立，起太常少卿。拜左都御史，慨然以整齐天下为任。寻代张问达为吏部尚书。当是时，人务奔竞，苞苴^①恣行，言路横尤甚。每文选郎出，辄邀之半道，为人求官，不得则加以恶声，或逐之去。选郎即公正无如何，尚书亦太息而已。南星素疾其弊，锐意澄清，独行己志，政府及中贵亦不得有所干请，诸人惮其刚严不敢犯。有给事为赀郎求盐运司，即注赀郎王府，而出给事于外。知县石三畏素贪，夤缘^②将行取，南星亦置之王府。时进士无为王官者，南星不恤也。

    魏忠贤雅重之，尝于帝前称其任事。一日，遣娣子傅应星贽见，南星麾之去。尝并坐弘政门选通政司参议正色语忠贤曰主上冲龄我辈内外臣子宜各努力为善忠贤默然怒形于色大学士魏广微，南星友允贞子也，素以通家子畜之。广微入内阁附忠贤，尝三至南星门，拒勿见。又尝叹曰：“见泉无子。”见泉，允贞别号也。广微恨刺骨，与忠贤比而龅南星。忠贤及其党恶南星甚，每矫敕谕，必目为元凶。于是御史张讷劾南星十大罪。系之狱，坐南星赃万五千。南星家素贫，亲故捐助，始获竣。卒戍南星代州。嫡母冯氏、生母李氏，并哀恸而卒。子生七龄，惊怖死。南星抵戍所，处之怡然。

    庄烈帝登极，有诏赦还。巡抚牟志夔，忠贤党也，故迟遣之，竟卒于戍所。崇祯初，赠太子太保，谥忠毅。

（节选自《明史》二百四十三卷）

【注】①苞苴：贿赂。②夤（yín）缘：攀附权贵。

    A person may have a false idea about himself that will stop him from doing good work. He may believe that he is unable to do it. A child may think he is 1 because he doesn't understand how to make the use of his mental abilities. Older people may be mistaken that they can't learn things new because of their 2.

    A person who believes that he is stupid will not make a real 3 because he feels that it would be useless. He won't go at a job with the confidence necessary for success, and he won't work his hardest way, 4 he may think he is doing so. 5, He is likely to fail, and the failure will 6 his belief in his inability.

    Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had an experience like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor 7 in math. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in math in order that they would not 8 too much of him. In his way, they two developed the idea. He accepted 9 mistaken thinking of his ability, feeling that it was useless 10 and was very poor at math, just as they expected.

    One day he worked at a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve. Alder 11 in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now worked with interest, 12 and purpose, and he soon became especially good at math. He not only 13 that he could learn math well, but luckily he learnt it 14 in his life, not too late. From his own experience, we can tell that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 15 himself as well as others by his ability.