①晓林小题大做、好大喜功           ②积累成功，有利于增强自信心

③容易滋长骄傲自满情绪               ④有利于鼓励自己，不断完善自我，扬起自信的风帆

“一个人如果缺乏自尊自信，就会像一艘搁浅的航船，难以驶向成功的港湾。”这句话的寓意是（    ）

我国是一个以汉族为主体的统一的多民族国家，各民族在历史和文化上虽然发展程度不同，但是互相联系、互相影响、共同发展、共同缔造伟大的中国。纵观古代，各民族间有战有和，但是，战争与冲突是暂时的，民族友好才是中国古代民族关系的主流。阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：张骞通西域以后，西域地区的葡萄、核桃、胡萝卜等传播到中原地区，为人们的日常饮食增添了更多的选择，丰富了中原人民的生活。从此以后，西域各国纷纷归附汉朝，为此西汉政府专门设置机构总管西域事务。

材料二：魏主曰：“国家兴自北土，徙居平城，虽富有四海，文轨未一。此间用开之地，非可文治，移风易俗，信为甚难。崤函帝宅，河洛王里，因兹大举，光宅中原。”

——《魏书》

材料三：

材料四：在唐朝周边，少数民族建立的地方政权很多，其中有南方的南诏。南诏的生金、丹砂、浪人剑、棉布等土特产传入唐朝，南诏乐也传入唐朝。南诏从汉地吸收不少农业、手工业生产技术。成都工匠在南诏传授纺织技艺，南诏手工业发达起来，与蜀地不相上下。唐文化也大量传入南诏。

——选自《文物隋唐史》

材料五：清康熙、乾隆年间，陆续在承德避暑山庄外建了12座大型寺庙……融合了汉、藏、蒙古、维吾尔等族的建筑风格……清乾隆皇帝称赞那些寺庙时，写下了“一座喇嘛庙，胜抵十万兵”的诗句。

请回答：

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    One thorn(刺) of experience is worth many times of warning.

    Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would 1for it. If he was told that it would hurt him, and he could not 2 it, he would also cry.

    One day, he went with his mother into the 3. The sun shone. The grass was cut. The flowers were starting to come out.

    Ralph thought he was, for once, a good boy. A 4 was on his face. He wished to do as he was told. Ralph helped his mother with the farm work and he was very happy.

    “Now you must be tired and 5,” said his mother. “Have a good rest here and eat some cookies. I will get a beautiful red rose for you.” So his mother brought the red flower to him. When he saw his mother still had a white rose in her hand, Ralph 6 it.

    “No, my dear.” said his mother. “See how many thorns it has. You must not touch it, or you would be sure to hurt your 7.” When Ralph found that he could not have the white rose, he began to cry, and 8 took it away. But he was soon very sorry. The thorns hurt his hand. It was so 9 that he could not use it for some time.

    Ralph would never 10 this. From then on, when he wanted what he should not have, his mother would point to his hand which had been hurt before. He at last learned to do as he was told.