有学者指出“从汉朝到明清，宰相一旦威权既重，组织形态发育成熟，便会蜕变为闲曹，为皇帝身边发育出来的新的宰相机构所取代。以皇权为中心，中国的宰相机构呈现出‘波纹式循环发生’状态”。下列选项能反映此材料观点的是（    ）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C  和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。

    George Bernard Shaw，the greatest and funniest British dramatist(剧作家)of the first half of the 20th century，was born in Dublin，Ireland，on July 26,1856.His early life was not happy. His father was a selfish man who drank too much and could not support his family properly. His mother was a disappointed，unhappy woman who found more pleasure in studying music than in her children. Bernard and his two sisters received little love and attention from their mother while they were young. At the age of ten Shaw entered school. At first he was the best student，but soon he was at or near the bottom of his class.

    Although he did not like school，Bernard was a good，bright，curious student. His lifelong interest in everything from music and art to machines and medicine began from school life. The interests of this tireless schoolboy were literature and music. He often entertained(使快乐)his classmates with stories he read.

    Early at the age of fifteen，he went to work in an office. He did well as an office clerk，but after five years he decided that he wanted to be a writer. He left Ireland and went to London，where he began to write seriously. Seventy-four years later the great dramatist died.

阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。

    人人都渴望幸福，人人都在感受幸福。幸福有时很抽象，有时又很具体；幸福有时很遥远，有时又近在咫尺。奉献是幸福，给予是幸福，获得是幸福，享受是幸福……一句祝福的话语是幸福，一个理解的眼神是幸福……幸福是心灵的感觉，幸福是生命的体验……请围绕“幸福”这个话题，写一篇800字左右的文章。

    要求：选好角度，明确立意，自定文体，自拟标题，不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。