题干

近代社会的民主思想与实践

材料:辛亥革命推翻清王朝的过程似乎是容易些了,更多的困难留给了革命之后。由于清王朝不是由长期的剧烈革命斗争推翻的,因此也就没有为革命派在战争中创建一支坚固而强大的军队创造条件。在当时,虽然在一些地方,特别是在南方的一些省份,独霸一方的实力派们曾纷纷站到革命一边,但对于手中没有什么实力的南京临时政府来说,要控制和指挥这些军事力量是相当困难的。孙中山个人的威望和影响是形成临时政府权威基础的一个重要因素,但“轻而易举”的革命无法为形成这样的领袖提供舞台。因此,利用领袖个人感召方来建立南京临时政府权威基础的条件并不充分。在上述条件下,南京临时政府只维持几十天,就不得不将权力移交给袁世凯,这就毫不奇怪了。

——摘编自马平安《(中国近代政治得失)导言》

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   The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States. It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle.
   Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran(经营) Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, and he was curious about the company. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did, and he liked what he saw. He wanted to become part of the company. In 1982, the original(原先的) Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing.
   In 1983, Schultz travelled to Italy. The unique atmosphere of the coffee bars there caught his eye. To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places: home, work and coffee bars. His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle.
Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores—and that was only the beginning. In fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day!
   Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries. One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United States is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants. By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gets an understanding of customers in the city. This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers.