题干

人口政策调整是关系国计民生的大事。十八届五中全会作出了启动“全面二孩”的生育政策的决定,这标志着中国人口政策进入了重要的转折期。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:中国人口每增加2亿的时间间隔愈来愈短。

材料二:

朝代

南方

北方

人口(户)

占全国户口数比例

人口(户)

占全国户口数比例

西汉

2470685

19.8%

9985785

80.2%

唐代

3920415

43.2%

5148529

56.8%

北宋

11224760

62.9%

6624296

37.1%

材料三:

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       When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe “more is better.” But what they do not realize is that overtreatment—too many scans, too many blood tests, too many procedures—may bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing, some of which may be invasive, or to treatment for things that should be left alone.

       Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener's disease, an uncommon disorder of the immune system, they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a cold.   She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care.

       After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. “It's a really hard thing to determine when they've crossed the line,” Mr. Power said. “You think she's getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?” Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new specialist to oversee Mrs. Power's care. Under the new doctor's care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power's condition stabilized. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.