给下列加下划线的词语换一种说法，意思不变。

小胖墩儿跳起来，立刻退后两步。____

美国历史学家斯塔夫里阿诺斯认为：梭伦采取的减轻社会痛苦的措施是简单而又严厉的。以下措施中能充分说明梭伦对旧贵族“严厉”的是（  ）
①颁布“解负令” ②实行财产等级制度  ③设立四百人会议  ④设立陪审法庭⑤鼓励发展农工商业

材料一：在清兵入关的同时，英国的议会和国王之间在国王征税的权力问题上，发生了严重的冲突。议会民军在克伦威尔领导下，击败了皇家军队，而且以议会审判，判决将国王查理一世送上断头台……英国的这次革命，开启了新的国家体制。

——许倬云著《中西文明的对照》

材料二：1688年，资产阶级携手新贵族，以宫廷政变的形式推翻了詹姆士二世的统治，用不流血的方式完成了政权的更替，因此被形象地称为“光荣革命”。“光荣革命”使议会对国王的斗争以胜利而告终，……。

材料三：

图《权利法案》

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

    I had a summer camp with my classmates for a week last year.

    Early in the morning, we gathered(聚集) at the bus station. After saying goodbye to our parents, we got on the buses. It took us more than two hours to arrive at the campground.

    We got off the buses happily. Laughing and shouting, we jumped and ran all over the place. It was the first time for us to be away from the parents. Some of us started to feel homesick(想家). However, when the night party and dances began, we felt excited again.

    The next day, everybody rushed to the boating class, hoping to be at the head of the others. At first, my friends and I worked hard, but the boat wouldn't listen to us and kept going round and round. Then the teacher taught us how to work together. After many tries, we did much better.

     Swimming class was my favourite. It was about the hottest time of a day and the best time to stay in the cool water. The swimming teacher was a funny man, and during the class he often made us laugh happily. During the week I learned a lot of new things and made many new friends. I also learned how to take care of myself.