题干

Once upon a time, there lived a rich man. He had a servant (仆人). He and the servant loved wine and good food very much. Each time the rich man left his home, the servant would drink the wine and eat up all the nice food in the house. The rich man knew what his servant did, but he had never caught his servant doing that.
  One morning, when he left home, he said to the servant, "Here are two bottles of poison (毒药) and some nice food in the house. You must take good care of them. " With these words, he went out.
  But the servant knew that the rich man had said was untrue. After the rich man was away from his home, he enjoyed a nice meal. Because he drank too much, he was drunk and fell to the ground. When the rich man came back, he couldn't find his food and his wine. He became very angry. He woke the servant up. But the servant told his story very well. He said a cat had eaten up everything. He was afraid to be punished(惩罚), so he drank the poison to kill himself.

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阅读材料并结合所学知识,回答问题。

材料一

1832年议会改革法案



取消衰败选邑,将空出的议席重新分配给人口众多的城镇,尤其是工业城镇;新增选民在农村实行年收入10英镑以上的公薄持有农及50英镑以上的租地农选举权标准,在城镇则实行10英镑财产的房产持有人选举权标准。

1867年议会改革法案

在城镇,凡是纳税的房产所有者或租客,只要拥有10英镑以上的财产,即可获得选举权;在农村,拥有5英镑的财产或租用价值12英镑地产者,均可享有选举权。

1884年议会改革法案

取消农村与城镇选区的划分,依据人口比例重新划定选区,取消选举权的财产资格限制,将选举权授予所有成年男子。 

1918年议会法案

年满30岁的妇女享有选举权。

1928年议会法案

妇女选举权的年龄限制完全取消,妇女获得与男子同等的选举权。

——刘金源《议会改革与英国的政治现代化历程》

材料二 (1912年)2月12日,清帝退位,2月13日,孙大总统提出辞呈,并举袁自代,15日参议院表决一致通过举袁世凯为第二任临时大总统。16日,袁世凯致电参议院,表示接受临时总统职务,下午,袁剪去长辫,表示以新形象来当民国总统。20日,临时参议院公举黎元洪任中华民国临时副总统。至此以南京临时国会为中心舞台,惜阴堂为幕后磋商场所,南北通过谈判、妥协与法制程序,终于完成了清朝政权向民国的和平转移。有学者将此称之为中国版的“光荣革命”,我看是恰如其分的。

——袁刚《国会和辛亥革命》