题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料:西方学者尼尔·弗格森指出,代议制政府、自由市场、法治和公民社会,这些原本是西欧和北美社会的四大支柱。在这些代表政治、经济、法律、社会的支柱内部,有着高度复杂且互相关联的制度在发挥着作用。正是因为这些制度优势,使得西方社会在公元16世纪后在世界上独领风骚。然而,20世纪后这些制度的衰退令人扼碗,使西方世界像明清时期的中国那样,正在走向沉沦。

——据尼尔·弗格森著《西方的衰落》改编

结合材料与所学世界史的相关知识,围绕“制度建设与社会发展”拟定一个具体的论题,并就所拟论题进行简要阐述(要求:明确写出所拟论题,阐述须有史实依据)。

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示例1:观点:该学者所提的四个要素推动了16世纪后西方世界的兴起。

论证:①政治:近代西方国家普遍确立起资产阶级代议制,如英德的君主立宪制、美法的民主共和制等,以民主取代了专制,通过议会立法等手段,推动了资本主义的发展:②经济:近代西方国家率先进行了工业革命,极大地提髙了生产力,实现了由农业国向工业国的转变(近代西方国家普遍建立起自由市场制度,实现了资源的有效配置,促进了经济的增长);③法律:近代西方国家在资产阶级革命、改革和建设的过程中,制定了一系列的宪法和法令, 如美国1787年宪法

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    When Steve Jobs was born on Febuary24,1955, in San Francisco , California, his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl. So in the middle of the night, his mother called a lawyer named Paul Jobs and said, “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college. After Steve Jobs graduated from high school, he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends' rooms.

    At 20, he and a friend(Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976. Jobs named their company ----Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard (果园) in Oregon.

    After 10 years of hard time and failures, starting from two kids working in a garage, Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4000 employees.

    At 30, Jobs , however, was fired from the company he co-founded. But after he had to leave the company, Apple was under heavy pressure from rival (对手) Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses. Apple needed Steve Jobs and he was appointed as Apple' CEO in1997. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced new products such as the iPhone and the iPod.

    Steve Jobs once said, “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick, Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking.