岳阳楼记

    ①若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐曜，山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。

    ②至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游冰，岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。

    ③嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲。居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎。噫！微斯人，无谁与归？

如图，图钉尖的面积是5×10^-8m²，图钉帽的面积是1×10^-4m²，松木能承受的最大压强是5×10⁶Pa 。以下说法正确的是（  ）

我国是一个统一的多民族国家，能否正确认识和处理好民族问题关系重大。阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：

材料二：一般来说，中原王朝和边疆民族关系的发展模式主要有以下几种:一种是中原政权覆灭，各边疆地区少数民族进入中原，基本上会出现混乱局面。但在混乱中，各民族却相互融合。第二种是边疆民族的强大导致与中原王朝势均力敌，于是各民族政权之间呈现相互并立之势，形成割据分裂局面。但在割据中却有不少交往，有统一的愿望、因素和趋势。第三种是统一的中原王朝非常强大，各边疆民族以中原民族和地区以中心相互交往，直至融入中原民族，呈现统一局面下的民族大融合状况。

——刘宗绪主编《历史新知识创新能力培养》

请回答：

    Rock climbing is a popular hobby that many people enjoy doing. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbing—it is fun and it also helps people forget worries.

    The most important equipment(装备)to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness(保护带).This allows you to move freely, but will hold you up if you fall. It's important to know how to use your equipment. Otherwise, it may be dangerous. If you are a beginner, it's best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot in the beginning.

    Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers, however, must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take it with them and throw it away. This will allow future climbers to enjoy a clean environment.