题干

18世纪法国哲学家丹尼斯·狄德罗认为:“自然界由数目无穷、性质不同的异质元素构成。”这种观点(  )

①承认世界的物质性,但把物质归结为自然科学上的元素

②建立在自然科学成就的基础上,丰富和发展了唯物主义

③坚持物质第一性,但对物质的认识没有科学依据

④认为世界是物质的,正确揭示了物质世界的基本规律

A:①②

B:③④

C:①③

D:②④

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A

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    As a child, I started learning to play the piano, my favorite musical 1 but I was forced to give up when I started my middle school2 I could concentrate more on my studies.

    It's one of my biggest3 to stop practicing the piano when I recall sadly today. During the following years, I kept telling my piano teacher that I would4However, I didn't keep my promise because I was 5 with my study6 I lost touch with my teacher. Some years later, my teacher died. I was very sad because I lost such a good teacher. She was a very warm and gentle person. It hurts me to think she may have been 7 that I never returned. I haven't taken lessons since then but to be honest, I 8 to. Sitting at the piano, I couldn't help recalling many 9 ---times of my practising at home and playing before my teacher and one time my teacher 10 me after I played entire pieces of music wrong in front of her colleagues. I was so 11 that I could hardly say anything. But her 12helped ease my shame. These memories13good or bad, never caused my14 for playing the piano again.

    This thought then led me to think that 15 is like music, and that we all try to play different 16 in the instrument of our life. Sometimes the pitch (音高) is17when we play it well, but sometimes we are out of tone. However, we all continue to create our own 18style of music. No matter what style our music is, it is 19 that we sing the songs of joy, quietness and love. Though I may never make it back to piano lessons, it doesn't 20 that I've stopped making music.

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历史证明,***能够经受住长期执政的考验,向人民交上合格的“答卷”。实践证明,牢记“赶考”告诫,保持“赶考”心态,发扬“赶考”作风,是社会主义建设不可缺少的重要内容。
材料一 “当年党中央离开西柏坡时,***同志说是‘进京赶考’。60多年过去了,我们取得了巨大进步,中国人民站起来了,富起来了,但我们面临的挑战和问题依然严峻复杂,应该说,党面临的‘赶考’远未结束”。
——******调研指导党的群众路线教育实践活动期间在西柏坡讲话
(1)材料一中***说的“进京赶考”是什么意思?标志着中国人民“站起来”和开始“富起来”的分别是哪一标志性事件?
材料二  从1949 年到现在,共和国走过了65年(截止到2014年)的风雨历程。在这65年的发展中,有成就有挫折。大体可分为四个阶段,第一阶段从新中国成立到1956 年;第二阶段从1956 年到1966 年;第三阶段从1966年到1976年; 第四阶段从1976年到现在。
(2)材料二中所指第一阶段“新中国成立到1956年”,我国从政治、经济方面实现了哪些神奇过渡?从第二阶段到第三阶段社会主义探索过程中又出现了哪些重大失误?
(3)1976年以后到现在,党不断面临“新的赶考”,取得了世界瞩目的好成绩,试举一例加以说明。******所说“党面临的‘赶考’远未结束”,“新赶考”必须坚持一条怎样的赶考路?