材料：自“中国通商以来，即许各国领事自行审判，……而吾之法权日削。”中华法系“诸法合体，刑民不分”，其在近代受到强烈冲击。在厉行“新政”的招牌下，沈家本、伍廷芳等修律大臣主持的司法制度改革，加速了中国法律近代化进程。

改革始于沈家本奏呈《大清刑事民事诉讼法草案》，提出了一系列改革诉讼程序的方案。最终程序法得以制定，有了实体法和程序法的区分，并确定了诉讼审判制度。司法机关的改革是改革重点。刑部改为法部，成为专门的司法行政机关，管理监狱、执行刑罚，监督各级审判厅和高等审判厅判决的死刑案件。大理寺更名为大理院，成为全国最高审判机关，下设民刑庭，并设推事和庭长组成合议庭进行审判工作。大理寺还有统一解释法律的权利，其解释在全国范围内都有效。都察院的职能得以净化，开始向现代行政监察机构靠拢。确立了“司法独立”原则，开始引入西方近代监察体系。要求各省的改革应当参照中央官制进行。

——张晋藩《中国法制史》

Dear human beings,

    Hi! I'm 80 years old now. So I've seen 1 of the world. We've lived on Earth with you thousands of years. Each day we release(释放) O₂ and remove harmful gas so that you have fresh 2; we help prevent the Earth's soil（土壤）from being washed away, and above all, we give all kinds of fruits, nuts, beans as well as 3 to you.

    We are now in great 4 because of you. You are killing us at a terrible speed. You are burning and cutting down millions of us each year, but you're not 5enough. For every tree being planted today, 30 trees are being cut down. What would you do if all of us 6? Perhaps you would die, too.7 us, you wouldn't get enough material for buildings, furniture（家具）, paper products, and your cities would 8ugly. Moreover, air pollution and noise pollution would become more and more serious, and your life would become nasty.

    The 9 thing for you to do now is to stop your bad manner. We are the best fighters 10 pollution and we are your best friends!  

Your friend,

An old tree

材料一：光绪年间的黄浦江畔，房屋多为西式，轩敞华丽，有高至六、七层者，钟楼矗立，烟囱如林，入夜则灯火辉煌，明如白昼。……大厦商铺、中西邮局、洋行、海关、银行、电报局、丝厂、船坞、轮船公司皆在焉。……这里修建了许多教堂，在众多的外国领事馆的小教堂，都有钟楼和高耸的十字架。还有一些以营利为目的“蕃菜馆”“面包房”“咖啡店”出现，许多身着西装的中国人在此出入。

——李维清编《上海乡土志》

材料二：2001年8月1日，从那天起，中国电信集团公司取消公众电报业务中的特急和加急业务，此举预示传统电报业务正在淡出百姓的生活。北京电报大楼几乎成为一个时代的象征，而今天，这座著名的电报大楼里的电报业务柜台“蜷缩”在一个很不显眼的地方，每天打电报的用户也只有几位。