题干

人类历史也是一部“舌尖上的历史”,阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:从齐国始,食盐成为国家统治的根本,正如司马光在《资治通鉴》中所说:“天下之赋,盐利居半,宫闱、服饰、军饷、百官俸禄皆仰给焉。”桑弘羊说:商鞅相秦,外设百倍之利而民不见赋税之增,“利用不碣而民不知,地尽西河而民不苦”。

官营经济以超额的垄断价格代替利税的征收,国家源源不断地攫取暴利而民众却不知觉。垄断造成的高价掠夺使民众苦苦挣扎,因此还可抑制民间力量的成长,“今意总一盐铁,非独为利入也,将以建本抑末,离朋党,禁淫侈,绝并兼之路也”。

——杜君立《舌尖上的帝国——中国盐政简史》

材料二:史学家威廉斯说:“没有蔗糖,就没有黑奴。”本来,罗马以后奴隶贸易就在欧洲销声匿迹,但因为蔗糖和“大发现时代”的结合,奴隶制死灰复燃。从1500年到1880年,有近1000万黑人被运到新大陆,他们中大部分的人被送到甘蔗园。为了获得这些奴隶,欧洲人把工业产品运到非洲。而财富则在美洲被奴隶们创造出来,源源不断地流向欧洲。他们生产的糖被英国人消费掉,英国人又把布匹、工具甚至刑具卖到美洲,被奴隶们“消费”。近代世界殖民史上著名的“贸易三角”,围绕着蔗糖和奴隶兴起和成熟。蔗糖,结合了亚洲植物、欧洲资本、非洲劳动力和美洲土壤,成为了不折不扣的国际性产品。

——《吃糖的历史和全球化历程》

材料三:英国之所以能跨过农业的门槛开创工业革命,是因为大量的进口食物供应了人民劳动所需的燃料。英国通过进口食物摆脱了“生物旧体制”的束缚,也让更多劳作者从土地中解放出来。驱动工业化的燃料,不只是那些理在地底死去的植物——煤炭,更是马铃薯及蔗糖所构成的动力。种种与食物有关的因素,最终导致了这场席卷世界的工业革命。

——汤姆·斯坦迪奇《舌尖上的历史》

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同类题4

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、 B、 C和 D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 。

    Mr. Hawkins, the headmaster, stopped Anna one day at the school gate.

    “Now," he said,“ I want you to tell me the 1  , my dear. "Feeling something terrible had happened, Anna said slowly,“2.”

    “I have had a most 3 accusation(投诉) made against you by Mrs. Bond.”

    “MK. Bond?” said Anna, not understanding. Janet Bond was a quiet little 4of a Child. As far as Anna could remember she had never had 5to speak an angry word to the girl.

    “Mrs. Bond,” went on Mt Hawkins“ told me that you scolded(责备) her daughter yesterday afternoon.

    “Scolded?” cried Anna “I certainly didn't do that. 6not in school.” she added honestly.

    Mr. Bond's 7 is that Janet was a little late back to school in the afternoon. She said she set out from home a little late.

    “Just a minute.” said Anna, beginning to 8“She did come late, very late. I had marked her 9 of course. Then she 10slowly in, when we'd started our paper-cutting, and I believe I said she was a nuisance(讨厌 ). She didn't appear to hear, and was certainly quite11.”

    “A nuisance!” Mr. Hawkins couldn't12 it and asked, “You're sure you said nuisance?”

    “I may not even have said that,” Anna replied. “I was not angry at all at that moment—13I certainly didn't scold.”

    “Mrs. Bond said that you called her child "nuisance". Is that true?”

    “Indeed it isn't.” said Anna. “The child-or the other-had 14it up!”

    After Anna's explanation, Mr. Hawkins felt15.“Just as I thought, my dear, but of course I had to make sure.”