Andrew Carnegie was born in 1835 in Scotland. He was from a poor family. When he was twelve, his family moved to the USA. They wanted a better life. There, Andrew started to work right away. He got a job in a factory. He was a good worker, but he didn't like the job. Later, he changed his job. He worked at the Railroad Company where everybody liked him. He did many different jobs. His salary got higher every year.

    In his free time, Andrew loved to read. But in those days, the United States didn't have free public libraries. Luckily, he lived with a rich man with many books, who let young boys use his library for free, so Andrew could read as much as possible. He read throughout his life.

    Andrew learned a lot at the railroad company. He realized that the railroad was very important for big countries. He had a idea to start a business with railroads. He saved all his money and opened a business at the age of thirty years.

    First, his company made bridges for the railroads. Ten years later, it made steel for bridges, machines, and many other things. Soon he was the richest man in the world.

    Andrew liked to make money. But he believed it was very important to help other people. In 1901, he sold his company for $480 million. He started to give away his money to make new libraries and colleges all over the United States. He built 2811 libraries. Andrew also gave a lot of money to people who worked for peace. In 1903, he gave $1.5 million to build a Peace Palace in the Netherlands.

    Andrew Carnegie died in 1919.He was eighty-four years old. During his life, he gave away nearly all of his money. He gave away over $350 million for education and peace. There are colleges, libraries, hospitals, and parks named after Andrew Carnegie.He helped millions of people all over the world to study and learn.

谏说之难洪迈

    韩非作《说难》，而死于说难，盖谏说之难，自古以然。至于知其所欲说，迎而拒之，然卒至于言听而计从者，又为难而可喜者也。

    秦穆公执晋侯，晋阴饴甥往会盟，其为晋游说无可疑者。秦伯曰：“晋国和乎？”对曰：“不和。小人曰必报仇，君子曰必报德。秦伯曰：“国谓君何？”曰：“小人谓之不免，君子以为必归；以德为怨，秦不然。”秦遂归晋侯。

    秦伐赵，赵求救于齐，齐欲长安君为质。太后不肯，曰：“复言者，老妇必唾其面。”左师触龙愿见，后盛气而揖之入，知其必用此事来也。左师徐坐，问后体所苦，继乞以少子补黑衣之缺。后曰：“丈夫亦爱怜少子乎？”曰：“甚于妇人。”然后及其女燕后乃极论赵王三世之子孙无功而为侯者祸及其身后既寤则言长安君何以自托于赵？于是后曰:“恣君之所使。”长安君遂出质。

    范雎见疏于秦，蔡泽入秦，使人宣言感怒雎，曰：“燕客蔡泽，天下辩士也。彼一见秦王，必夺君位。”雎曰：“百家之说，吾既知之，众口之辩，事皆摧之，是恶能夺我位乎？”使人召泽，谓之曰：“子宣言欲代我相，有之乎？”对曰：“然。”即引商君、吴起、大夫种之事。雎知泽欲困己以说，谬曰：“杀身成名，何为不可？”泽以身名俱全之说诱之，极之以闳夭、周公之忠圣。今秦王不倍功臣，不若秦孝公、楚越王，雎之功不若三子，劝其归相印以让贤。雎竦然失其宿怒，忘其故辩，敬受命，延入为上客。卒之代为奏相者泽也。

    秦始皇迁其母，下令曰：“敢以太后事谏者杀之。”死者二十七人矣。茅焦请谏，王召镬将烹之。焦数以桀、纣狂悖之行，言未绝口，王母子如初。

    吕甥之言出于义，左师之计伸于爱，蔡泽之说激于理，若茅焦者真所谓剧虎牙者矣。范雎亲困穰侯而夺其位，何遽不如泽哉丨彼此一时也。

——节选自《容斋随笔》

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