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  100多年前的辛亥革命是20世纪中国第一次历史性巨变。阅读下列有关材料并回答问题。

材料一 孙中山是中国近代政治文明——共和制的重要催生人。他的学说是“内审中国之情势,外察世界之潮流,兼收众长,益以创新”。

——《中华文明史》第4卷

材料二 同盟会提出决断性民族主义的口号:“驱除鞑虏,恢复中华” ……显然,最初同盟会已把满族排除在帝国之外,同时也把关外的满洲土地排除在帝国之外。不仅如此,其实孙中山同盟会已把蒙古,西藏,新疆等排除在中国之外了。孙中山很快就认识到这是个问题,并且发生一定程度的转变。1906年,孙中山说“民族革命是要尽灭满洲民族,这话大错。……我们并不是恨满洲人,是恨害汉人的满洲人。”

――《帝国的分裂与保存》

材料三 当今史学界对中国近代史和现代史的历史分期有两种观点:一种主张把1911年的辛亥革命作为两者的分界线,另一种主张把1949年的新中国成立作为两者的分界线。(注:历史分期旨在揭示不同历史时期或阶段之间的质的差别,从中发现其发展特点及规律。)

——《换个角度看辛亥革命》

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    Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.

    Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

    But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.

    That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.

    We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons (见识).

    We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

    I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

    Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.