题干

1946年,美国和苏联两国外交官向各自政府提交了研究报告,对政府的外交政策以及两国间的“冷战”产生了影响。阅读下列材料:

材料一:美国驻苏大使馆代办凯南向美国政府提交了8000字的“长电报”。电文中认为,克里姆林宫对世界事务的认知根源于苏联传统的不安全感。为了求得安全,他们从未考虑与对手达成妥协,而是要将对手置于死地。凯南还将苏联描绘为一个专制传统早已与意识形态强制相整合的国家,因而它认为外部世界是敌对的。美国必须把对付苏联放在美国对外政策的首位。

——摘编自周建明《美国国家安全战略的基本逻辑》等

材料二:苏联驻美大使诺维科夫写了一篇名为《战后美国的外交政策》的报告。报告认为,战后美国争霸世界的动因是垄断资本的帝国主义扩张。美国利用第二次世界大战其竞争对手被削弱的时机,其资本已渗透到世界的许多国家,加强了在世界的经济地位。美国正在从国外和国内两个方向,集中反动力量对苏联进行包围。美国已成为苏联的对手。美国正运用着资本和军事这两种武器妄图达到其称霸世界的目的。

——摘编自刘子奎《二十世纪东西方关系》

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    My mom takes pride in the fact that I was talking in three and four word sentences before I was ten months old. Some say it's a gift while others simply think I talk too much.

    As my thirties came to a close, I found myself reflecting on my life. I'm very happy and have no significant regrets. However, when I looked back on those times of difficulty, I saw a clear common denominator(特征); I didn't seem to know when to stop talking. Whether it was hurting someone's feelings, or having carelessly told a secret, the incident could have been avoided had I closed my mouth sooner. So I decided to practice the power of quiet.

    To take this step, I needed to understand how people could sit comfortably in a group and not talk. Why does my husband feel completely content to say nothing in a conversation? He's highly intelligent and has wonderful opinions but he'll sit quietly and just listen. Even when he's asked a pointed question, he'll answer with few words while still communicating effectively. What a talent!

    Can you imagine being happy just listening? In surveying those I know who talk less than I do, I got two answers—they either didn't feel confident enough to speak up, or they just didn't feel the need to participate in the conversation. Of course there were other reasons for not talking, but these were the two most popular answers.

    The first one didn't work for me. I'm just fine letting people know what I think about them, and hopefully it will make the conversation much more interesting. The second one didn't work either. I do feel the need to participate. I feel it physically like an electrical pulse through my body; sometimes it's so strong that it causes me to behave badly in the form of interrupting or speaking in an unusually loud voice. I had to look further.

    An interesting thing happened on this journey to the power of quiet. During my weekly yoga class, it came to me like an answer so clear that the words rang in my head like soft, heavenly bells.

    I talked too much so people would know I cared about them. It was my way of taking care of those I love. I decided before my fortieth birthday, that from that day forward, those around me would know I loved them, and cared what they thought and felt, but I was going to practice the power of quiet.

    As my forty-second birthday approaches, I can say that deciding to talk less has been more about focusing on quality rather than quantity. I've found that listening more shows those who I care about that I really do care how they feel. Now when I break in, it means more to them. Oh, sure, I still have my short periods of talking too much, but for the most part this has been one resolution that I can call a success.