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    Gadgets that make study fun

    Now in a world piled high with smart phones, tablets and e-readers, technology has entered the classroom in ways unimaginable. Taking classes can be fun too. All you have to do is swipe your fingers on your phone screen and download some apps, which can make your study more fun and efficient. Balancing study and play in a college setting has never been easy-and with the following few apps, it'll be tough to tell the two apart.

    Evernote

    Use: note-taking

    Can be used on: Phone/iPad/iPod touch, Android, BlackBerry, Palm OS and     Windows, Phone 7

    Price: free

    It's hard to imagine that with all the magical gadgets, the eager, studious types would still take out a notepad, a pencil, and a highlighter—and take notes in class. While it's not an actual planner or a calendar App, if you take notes to stay organized, then Evernote is for you.The main thing about Evernote is that all of your notes are automatically sent into the cloud---and then you can access them from any web-connected computer via the Evernote app or a web browser. Evernote also supports audio and photo notes-rather handy if you want to record your lecture or take photos of any projected notes. But, of course, ask for permission first.

    Wikipanion

    Use: research database

    Can be used on: iPhone/iPad/iPod touch

    Price :free ( Wikipanion Plus for $4.99,or 31.87 yuan )

    Now, you don't necessarily have to go to a library or anywhere with computer services to do research work for your paper anymore. You can get access to the research databases just on your smart phone or tablet. Wikipanion gives you a simplified version of Wikipedia without leaving out any of the site's extra features. The normal links that you'd see to each section of an article are no longer on the main screen. Instead, there's small icon located at the bottom of the App, which can be used to access all the sections of an article. You can also open the links in Safari(苹果浏览器). According to the developers' site, loading Wikipedia pages with Wikipanion is a lot faster than accessing the Wikipedia site from the iPhone's browsers. To be honest, we agree.

    Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days

    Use: English learning application

    Can be used on: iPhone/iPad/iPod touch

    Price: For a limited time you can get the App for only $0.99—half price.

    Still learning English with a workbook? If so, you are behind the times. Get 21st Century Newspaper's new iPhone App, “Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days”. When you download the App on your iPhone, you can listen to the hottest bilingual news selected from the newspaper's official website (w. w. w. i2lst. cn) and read by native speakers. User can enjoy the audio bilingual news with synchronized subtitles and fantastic pictures while immersed in an authentic language environment. With a simple tap, the sentence you choose will be repeated. “Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days” has ranked No 1 on the Chinese education App list.

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    词在发展的初期,普遍被视为“小道”。不过,起源于民间的文体,到了文人手中,往往被赋予更深的意义,因而几乎在词得到北宋文人比较普遍喜爱的同时,词坛就出现了尊体①之说。这一学说大致是在相反相成的两个层面展开的。

    北宋前期,《花间》、南唐词风盛行,学之者多追求风格细腻柔婉,至柳永则趋于平俗浮靡,于是有苏轼对传统词风的改革。苏轼改革词风的方式是“以诗为词”,主要表现为对题材内容的拓展,对格调意蕴的重视等。这在主要以倚红偎翠为基本内容的传统中,显得非常另类,所以当时经常得到讽刺性的评价。

    值得提出的是,苏轼的这一类创作有着非常鲜明的自觉意识。这表现在,首先,他要突破传统,自成一家。其次,他在文学创作上一贯具有争胜心态。对词坛上某些冲破《花间》、南唐词风的努力,他应该是曾经注意的。以我们对苏轼个性的了解,他肯定要在这方面继续力争超越前人。所以,苏轼实际上是在几个方面争胜,既有和传统词风的争,也有和体现士大夫意识的新兴词风的争,前者是破,后者则是进一步立。

    就在苏轼提出词“自是一家”不久,李清照又提出了词“别是一家”的说法,同样进行了“尊体”的探讨。不过,和苏轼不同,李清照主要是从词的体性入手的。在其著名的《词论》中,这位女词人对北宋词坛作了全面梳理,在对所谓“俗词”大加声讨的同时,主要批评了忽视词的音乐性的做法。因为词自产生以来,本身就是一种音乐文学,到了李清照的时代,仍然主要是音乐文学。偏离了这一传统,或者使得这一传统变味,显然不能为词坛的多数人接受。

    尽管苏轼和李清照的词论彼此带有一定的否定性,但不可否认,二者都有尊体的动机。前者是从意义的层面上,要把词向传统诗文的表达功能靠拢,从而否定“小道”之说;后者则从词的本来意义上,强调艺术的精工,从而保证这一文体的特殊性。看似相反,实则相成。

    苏轼和李清照的尊体论,实际上从两个方面划出了中国词史的轨迹,因而在后世不断得到回应。

【注】①尊体:指词这种体裁被词作家所推崇,不再被视为“小道”。