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    When Abraham Lincoln was young, he worked in a store. One day a woman came into the store and bought some things. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents.

    The bill was paid, and the woman was satisfied. But the young storekeeper, not feeling quite sure about his calculations(计算), added up the things again. To his surprise, he found that it should have been but two dollars.

    “I've made her pay six and a quarter cents more,” said young Abe, upset.

    It was an unimportant thing, and many salespersons would forget it, but Abe was too careful for that.

    The money must be paid back, he decided.

    At night, he closed the store and walked to the home of his customer. He explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied.

    Here is another story of young Lincoln's strict honesty. A woman entered the store and asked for half a pound of tea. The young man weighed it out. This was the last sale of the day.

    The next morning, when beginning his duties, Abe discovered a four-ounce weight on the scales(磅砰). It flashed upon him at once that he had used this in the sale last night, and so, of course, given his customer short weight. Many people would not have been much worried by this discovery. But Abe weighed out four ounces of the tea, shut up the store, and carried it to the customer. I think that the name, so often given in late times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe", was well deserved(应得的).

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    Both humans and animals have enemies. It is easy for us to know the difference between our friends and our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat(威胁) and those who do not. In Kenya, researchers find that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear(刺)animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.

    In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants noticed the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they noticed the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.

    Clothing color also plays a role. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively(攻击地) toward the red clothing.

    The researchers believe that the elephants' emotional(情绪的) reactions are due to their different senses of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.