课内经典文段阅读。

    以上说待人厚，是叶圣陶先生为人的宽的一面。他还有严的一面，是律己，这包括正心修身和“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”。我们在一起的时候，常常谈到写文章，他不止一次地说:“写成文章，在这间房里念，要让那间房里的人听着，是说话，不是念稿，才算及了格。”他这个意见，不同的人会有不同的反应。譬如近些年来，有不少人是宣杨朦脆的，还有更多的人是顺势朦脆的，对于以简明如话为佳文的主张，就必付之一笑。而叶先生则主张写完文章后，可以自己试念试听，看像话不像话，不像话，坚决改。叶圣陶先生就是这样严格要求自己的，所以所作都是自己的写话风格，平易自然，鲜明简沽，细致恳切，念，顺口，听，悦耳，说像话还不够，就是话。

    在文风方面，叶圣陶先生还特别重视“简洁”。简洁应该是写话之内的一项要求，这里提出来单独说说，是因为叶圣陶先生常常提到，有针对性。他是带着一些感慨说的:“你写成文章，给人家看，人家给你删去一两个字，意思没变，就证明你不行。”关于繁简，关于修改，鲁迅提到的是字句段。叶圣陶先生只说字，我的体会，一是

偏重用语，二是意在强调，精神是可简就决不该繁。可是现实呢，常常是应简而偏偏要繁。举最微末的两个字为例。一个是“了”，如“我见到老师”，“他坐在前排”，简明自然，现在却几乎都要写“我见到了老师”，“他坐在了前排”，显得既累赞又别扭。另一个是“太”，如“吸烟不好”，“那个人我不认识”，也是简明自然，现在却几乎都要

写“吸烟不太好”，“那个人我不太认识”，变得不只累赘，而且违理。像这样的废字，删去不只是意思没变，而且是变施杳无理为简洁合理，可是竟然很少人肯删，也就无怪乎叶圣淘先生感慨系之了。

C

    In the USA, it is normal for men to shake hands when they meet, but it is quite unusual for men to kiss when they greet each other. Greetings are casual-a handshake, a smile and a "hello" will do just fine.

    The British often simply say "hello" when they met friends. They usually shake hands only when they met for the first time. Social kissing, often just a peck(轻吻)on the cheek(脸）, is common in an informal（非正式的）situation between men and women and also between women who know each other very well.

    In Japan, the common greeting for both men and women is to bow when they greet someone, instead of giving a handshake or a hug.

    Hungarians like to greet in a friendly way —kiss each other on both checks. The most common way is to kiss from your right to your left. When men met for the first time, a handshake is the norm.

    In Albania, men shake hands when greeting one another. A kiss on the cheek may be also common if there is a close relationship. Women may shake hands or kiss each other on both cheeks.

    In Armenia, by tradition, a woman needs to wait for a man to offer his hand for a handshake. Between good friends and family members, a kiss on the cheek and a hug are also common.

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