题干

阅读《我的一位国文老师》选段,完成后面的题。

    但是从这一次起,徐先生算是认识我了。酒醒之后,他给我批改作文特别详尽。批改之不足,还特别的当面加以解释,我这一个“一眼望到底”的学生,居然成为一个受益最多的学生了。

    徐先生自己选辑教材,有古文,有白话,油印分发给大家。《林琴南致蔡孑民书》是他讲得最为眉飞色舞的一篇。此外如吴敬恒的《上下古今谈》,梁启超的《欧游心影录》,以及张东荪的时事新报社论,他也选了不少。这样新旧兼收的教材,在当时还是很难得的开通的榜样。我对于国文的兴趣因此而提高了不少。徐先生讲国文之前,先要介绍作者,而且介绍得很亲切,例如他讲张东荪的文字时,便说:“张东荪这个人,我倒和他一桌上吃过饭。……”这样的话是相当的可以使学生们吃惊的,吃惊的是,我们的国文先生也许不是一个平凡的人吧,否则怎样会能够和张东荪一桌上吃过饭!

    徐先生于介绍作者之后,朗诵全文一遍。这一遍朗诵可很有意思。他打着江北的官腔,咬牙切齿地大声读一遍,不论是古文或白话,一字不苟地吟咏一番,好像是演员在背台词,他把文字里的蕴藏着的意义好像都给宣泄出来了。他念得有腔有调,有板有眼,有情感,有气势,有抑扬顿挫,我们听了之后,好像是已经理会到原文的意义的一半了。好文章掷地作金石声,那也许是过分夸张,但必须可以琅琅上口,那却是真的。

    徐先生之最独到的地方是改作文。普通的批语“清通”、“尚可”、“气盛言宜”,他是不用的。他最擅长的是用大墨杠子大勾大抹,一行一行地抹,整页整页地勾;洋洋千余言的文章,经他勾抹之后,所余无几了。我初次经此打击,很灰心,很觉得气短,我掏心挖肝地好容易诌出来的句子,轻轻的被他几杠子就给抹了。但是他郑重地给我解释一会,他说:“你拿了去细细地体味,你的原文是软爬爬的,冗长,懈啦光唧的,我给你勾掉了一大半,你再读读看,原来的意思并没有失,但是笔笔都立起来了,虎虎有生气了。”我仔细一揣摩,果然。他的大墨杠子打得是地方,把虚泡囊肿的地方全削去了,剩下的全是筋骨。在这删削之间见出他的工夫。如果我以后写文章还能不多说废话,还能有一点点硬朗挺拔之气,还知道一点“割爱”的道理,就不能不归功于我这位老师的教诲。

    徐先生教我许多作文的技巧。他告诉我:“作文忌用过多的虚字。”该转的地方,硬转;该接的地方,硬接。文章便显着扑拙而有力。他告诉我,文章的起笔最难,要突兀矫健,要开门见山,要一针见血,才能引人入胜,不必兜圈子,不必说套语。他又告诉我,说理说至难解难分处,来一个譬喻,则一切纠缠不清的论难都迎刃而解了,何等经济,何等手腕!诸如此类的心得,他传授我不少,我至今受用。

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同类题4

   Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She could not walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stars. She was soon out of breath (气喘吁吁).
   “I suppose I had better go to the doctor,” she thought.
   She went to the doctor and told him her problem.
   “I'm not surprised at all,” he said. “It's obvious what your problem is.”He looked her over then gave her some advice.“If you don't do what I say, Mrs. Parker," he said, "you will have a heart attack. It could kill you.”
   Ellen Parker was very worried as she left the doctor's. She knew that she had to take his advice but it would not be easy and it would take time.
   The next day she went shopping. The first shop she went into was a butcher's shop (肉铺).“I'd like ten pounds of steak (牛排), please,” she said.“Certainly, madam,” the butcher replied and went into the cold room and found a large piece of steak. He brought the huge piece of meat back into the shop and put it on the scale (天平).
   “That's just under ten pounds,"he said.
   “That big enough," Mrs. Parker said.
   The butcher worked out the price.
   “At $4.99 a pound that will be $49.50, please. Would you like me to cut it up into smaller pieces for you?”
   “Oh, I don't want to buy the meat,"Mrs. Parker said.
   “If you don't want to buy it," the butcher replied angrily, "why did you ask me to get it for you?”
   “My doctor told me that I am over-weight and I have to lose ten pounds. I wanted to see what ten pounds of meat looked like.”