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阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。

    王商字子威,涿郡蠡吾人也。少为太子中庶子,以肃敬敦厚称。父薨,商嗣为侯,推财以分异母诸弟,身无所受,居丧哀戚。于是大臣荐商行可以励群臣,义足以风俗,宜备近臣。由是擢为诸曹、侍中、中郎将。元帝崩,成帝即位,甚敬重商,徙为左将军。而帝元舅大司马大将军王凤专权,行多骄僭。商论议不能平凤,凤知之,亦疏商。建始三年秋,京师民无故相惊,言大水至,百姓奔走相踩躏、老弱号呼,长安中大乱。天子亲御前殿,召公卿议。大将军凤以为太后与上及后宫可御船,令吏民上长安城以避水。群臣皆从凤议。左将军商独曰:“自古无道之国,水犹不冒城郭。今政治和平,国无兵革,上下相安,何因当有大水一日暴至?此必讹言也,不宜令上城,重惊百姓。”上乃止。有顷,长安中稍定,问之,果讹言。上于是美商之固守,数称其议。而凤大惭,自失言。

    初,大将军凤连昏杨彤为琅邪太守,其郡有灾害十四,已上。商部属按问,凤以晓商曰:“灾异天事,非人力所为。肜素善吏,宜以为后。”商不听,竟奏免彤,奏果寝格,凤竟以是怨商,阴求其短,使人上书言商闺门内事。天子以为暗昧之过,不足以伤大臣,凤固争,下其事司隶。

    于是左将军史丹等奏:“商位三公爵列侯亲受诏策为天下师不遵法度以翼国家而执左道以乱政为臣不忠罔上不道臣请诏谒者召商诣若卢诏狱。”上素重商,知匡言多险,制曰“勿治”。凤固争之,于是制诏御史:“盖丞相以德辅翼国家,典领百寮,协和万国,为职任莫重焉。今乐昌侯商位丞相,出入五年,未闻忠言嘉谋,而有不忠执左道之辜。今或言商不以自悔而反怨怼,朕甚伤之。惟商与先帝有外亲,未忍致于理。其赦商罪。使者收丞相印绶。”商免相三日,发病呕血薨,谥曰戾侯。

(节选自《汉书》)

【注】①连昏:“昏”同“婚”,姻亲。②匡言:进言匡正。

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同类题3

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    The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two 1 systems on the whole.

    The origin of the eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by 2. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River, 3 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures have 4 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture 5 went overseas to Japan, 6 into the Japanese society and 7 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it 8 to the same cultural system.

    When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 9 on the Mesopotamian Plain(米索不达米亚平原): the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 10 of the European culture. 11 the Chinese culture, the European one is also 12 to waters. When the colonists(殖民者) of England 13 in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't 14 from the European one a lot.

    At the same time, the 15 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic(象形文字的) languages while the Western languages are 16 based on the Latin system, for example, the one I'm using to write this paper.

    Other factors like human race difference counts 17 . However, 18 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom 19 until recent centuries. 20 they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.