人体保卫自身的第三道防线产生的时期是       (     )

阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Anyone who has ever tried to stop smoking knows how difficult it is to quit. There is no lack of information about how unhealthy smoking is for you- not to mention the unpleasant smell. So why would teens ever begin to smoke?

    ____ Research shows that the majority of smokers lit up their first cigarette in their early or mid-teens, precisely at a time when children are beginning to establish their own identity apart from their parents. Smoking can be an act of rebellion(反抗) against parents or authority figures, as well as a way to fit in with others and feel accepted.

    Here are some things that parents can do to help a child stay smoke-free.

    Start talking to your teen about how bad smoking is for him early, well before his teens. Keep talking, too. ____

    ____ For example, smoking makes your hair and clothing smell bad, stains the teeth, and reduces your lung power to play sports.

    ____ Talk about the addictive power of smoking and tell him while those few cigarettes are his choice, the addiction that occurs shortly afterwards makes him powerless to decide whether or not he wants to light up.

    Work on self-esteem(自尊) and self-confident with your teen. Much of the attraction of smoking is to gain acceptance. ____

人们生活和习俗的变化，从不同角度折射出社会政治、经济以及思想文化的演进和变迁。阅读材料，回答问题。

【古代市民文化生活】

材料一： 随着城市的繁荣，宋代的市民阶层不断扩大，市民文化生活也丰富起来。东京城内就有许多娱乐兼营商业的场所，叫做“瓦子”。瓦子中圈出许多专供演出的圈子，称为“勾栏”。许多穷苦艺人在这里卖艺谋生，有说书的、唱曲的、演杂剧的、耍杂技的、表演踢球的，等等，令人眼花缭乱……——人教版《中国历史》七年级下册

【近代社会生活革新】

材料二：  轮船、火车等新兴交通工具的实用，报刊传媒与近代出版业的蓬勃发展，剪发辫、改称谓等社会风尚的革新。……近代中国社会生活发生了巨大变化。——华师版《中国历史》八年级上册

【现代流行服饰变迁】

材料三： 文化大革命时期“国防绿”、“海军蓝”是中国城乡居民追求的色彩。那时期,穿一身“国防绿”、腰间系一条帆布大板带、肩背军挎包成为青年男女尤其是大中专学生追求的一种时尚。20世纪80年代,色彩鲜艳、款式时髦的服装逐步在大众中流行。毛皮大衣、羽绒服、西服、呢大衣等各种服装充分展现穿着者的风采与魅力。民众受西方现代文明的影响较大，中国服饰正式走向了多元化。——摘编自陈志华、朱华《中国服饰史》