题干

某小组同学在探究滑轮组的机械效率与哪些因素有关时,提出了一些猜想,小组将对猜想进行验证.

①如果影响机械效率的因素有多个,要研究机械效率与某个因素的关系,需要先控制其他几个因素不变,这种方法在科学探究中被称作____

②下列A、B是同学提出的两个猜想:

猜想A:两个相同滑轮组成的滑轮组,其机械效率与滑轮组细线的绕法有关;

猜想B:两个相同滑轮组成的滑轮组,其机械效率与滑轮组提升的物重有关;

③为了验证上述猜想是否正确,同学们准备分别按图1、图2、图3和图4的滑轮组进行实验.

(a)按图____滑轮组准备做的两个实验时用来验证猜想A的,若实验测得两个滑轮组的机械效率大小____(相等/不相等),则可初步判断猜想A是错误的;

(b)按图____滑轮组准备做的两个实验时用来验证猜想B的,若实验测得两滑轮组的机械效率大小不相等,则可初步判断猜想B是____(正确/错误)的.

④接着,小组进行了实验验证.

上一题 下一题 0.0难度 选择题 更新时间:2014-06-19 03:08:15

答案(点此获取答案解析)

控制变量法,1、3,相等,1、2,正确

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    A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated (复杂) than realized.

    Niels C. Rattenborg of the University of Wisconsin—Madison wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep.He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year.They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn.In the game, the sparrows had to peck (啄) three buttons (按钮) in a certain order to get a food treat.The scientists discovered that the birds' ability to learn the right button order depended on (依靠) two things, the time of year and the

amount of sleep the birds had.

    During the migration (迁徙) season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual.Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they'd had a regular night of sleep.Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep.

    The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual.If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep.Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it's better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam.